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Ecology of Non-parental Child Care(Day Care) (Non-parental Child Care and…
Ecology of Non-parental Child Care(Day Care)
Components of Optimal Quality Care
The size of the overall group
The caregiver-child ratios
Whether the caregiver had specialized training in child development or early childhood education
Accreditation
Child Care Centers: NAEYC
Family Day-Care Homes: NAFCC
In-Home Care: Nannies: INA
Macrosystem Influences on Non-parental Child Care
Political Ideology (social responsibility, competition, & equal opportunity)
Economics (need for both parents to work)
Science and Technology (the pressure to impart academic skills to all children as early as possible)
Chronosystem Influences: Research Concerns
Separation from Mother
Child care setting
Ecological Systems
Non-parental Child Care and Psychological Development
Spitz's Study
: one of the first studies to report detrimental affects of separating infants from mothers. He compared infants raised by caregivers in a foundling home vs. mothers in prison. Outcome: Mothers in prison was better for baby. (Nature Care)
Bowlby's Study
: maternal love was the most important influence to infants future development. Any break (death, separation due to hospitalization, employment, or neglect) from the mother could have severe emotional, social and intellectual consequences. (Nature Care)
Skeel's Study
: 30 year study demonstrated the importance of the quality of the care (Nurture) vs. The person giving the care (Nature)
Contemporary Studies:
Jay Belsky (2009): showed that babies less than 1 years old who receive care for more than 20 hours a week are at a greater risk of developing insecure attachments to their mothers and also risk of emotional and behavior problems in later childhood.
Now, even after that study, they have come to the conclusion that it is more so with poor quality day care
Non-Parental Child Care and Social Development
more experience with child-care programs seem to be more social competent, self confident, more outgoing, and less fearful, more assertive and self-sufficient . They also tend to know more about the social world but tend to be less respectful and less polite
Non-parental Child Care and Cognitive Development
Intervention Programs for Children who are Disadvantaged
Mesosystem Influences
School and Community Involvement in Nonparental Childcare
Government and Business Involvement
Non-parental Child Care and Socialization Outcomes
Curriculum Models and Socialization outcomes
Cognitively Oriented Curriculum
: a curriculum that attempts to blend the virtues of purposeful teaching with open-ended, child-initiated activities (Piagetian Theory: Assimilation, Accommodation and Equilibrium)
4 stages of maturation:
Sensorimotor
stage
(thinking is action)
: Infants and Toddlers (1.5 to 2 years) understand their environment only through their senses and motor abilities...
Preoperational
stage (
Thinking is based on appearances
) ages 2-7 years in which children uses symbols to represent objects
Concrete operational
stage (
thinking is based on reality
): ages 7-11: child can apply logical, systematic principles to specific experiences
Formal operational
stage (
thinking is based on abstractions
): ages 11 and up: can think logically about abstract ideas and hypotheses as well as concrete facts
The
Direct Instruction Curriculum
: based on bahavorist principles of dividing learning tasks into small progressive segments and reinforcing mastery of them.
The
Montessori Curriculum
: based on individual self-directed learning with the teacher as facilitator; materials provide exercises in daily living, sensory development, and academic development
The
Developmental Interaction Curriculum
(also known as Bank Street curriculum): individualized in relation to each child's stage of development while providing many opportunities for children to interact with peers and adults
The
Tools of the Mind Curriculum
: based on Vygotsky's sociocultural theory of learning and Gardner's Theory of five minds for the future
the 5 cognitive abilities
: The Disciplined Mind, The synthesizing mind, the creating mind, the respectful mind and the ethical mind