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HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE FAMILY IN IRELAND (Modern Family (1990-…
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE FAMILY IN IRELAND
Pre-Industrialisation (1900-1960)
1946
The rural electrification scheme supplied electricity to homes, which allowed electric cookers, fridges, etc. to be used, thereby reducing the workforce for the women.
Farming also became less labour intensive. However, this had a negative impact on economy and created unemployment and emigration.
1950
The general standard of living improved, women's health and education were better and child mortality rate decreased.
1900
Most marriages were arranged and were economical benefit rather than romantic. A lot of males married later in life, if at all.
The work available was unskilled and badly paid. Agriculture provided a huge proportion of employment.
Child mortality (death) rates were very high, often due to low standard of living and hygiene.
Families were large, as children were seen as a economic asset and were working from a early age.
Women did not work outside the home. They were responsible for all tasks within the home as well as children rearing. The husband was the breadwinner, which resulted in strictly segregated conjugal roles.
The extended family was the most common family structure.
Religion played a crucial part of Irish family life.
Post-Industrialisation (1960-1990)
1960
Couples married for romantic love rather than economic reasons.
Wages increased, which allowed better standard of living.
Couples married younger and after 1970 both parents could work outside the home. However, it was still a norm at that time that the man was the main wage earner and the wife was the homemaker.
Children were no longer required for their economic benefit but were nurtured and educated.
There was a decline in the rural extended family and the urban mobile nuclear family emerged.
1980
The average family size decreased due to the availability of contraception.
Education of all children became crucial to ensuring financial success later in life.
Modern Family (1990- Present Day)
The demand for childcare facilities had increased, which had contributed to the stress by working parents.
The family structure has changed with the introduction of divorce in 1996. There are four basic types of family:
Extended family
Single/lone parent family
Nuclear family
Blended family
The number of dual-income families increased.
The state supports family functions by providing education, financial support and protection for families.
There was a further deduction in family size don to 1.4 children per family due to the wide availability of contraception and family choices.
The advances technology have had a huge impact on households chores, the workplace, family size and education.
Towards the end of twentieth century this had reversed, with smaller, economically sufficient families emerging.
In the early 1900s the traditional family in Ireland was large, economically deprived and often lived in poverty.
Three distinct periods can be identified during this transition.