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WW1 and its impact on British India 1914-20 (Effects of war on British…
WW1 and its impact on British India 1914-20
India in 1914
Indian Society and Religion
Importance of India to Britain
British and Indian attitudes towards each other
India and WW1
Response to outbreak of war
Supported - loyalty
Sikhs and Castes - fighting and dying on battlefield was their true aim in life
Wanted to prove that they deserve equal respect - home rule
Indian military and economic contribution
Supplied more than 1.25 m men
£150 m to war effort
Economic situation in India and its consequences
Growth of Nationalism
Indian National Congress and emergence of Gandhi
Lucknow Pact and role of Jinnah
1916 - Congress and Muslim League - agreement to pressure Britain to give them more power to run India themselves
Home Rule Leagues
Effects of war on British Rule
Montagu Declaration
Montagu, Secretary of State issued this declaration suggesting Indians would be increasingly involved in government and administration
Rowlatt Acts
Enabled government to arrest and intern troublemakers without trial and allowed judges to try offenders without a jury
Opposed
Came after WW1 - people wanted self-government -were not expecting Rowlatt Acts
Montagu-Chelmsford Report and Government of India Act
Reforms were published in 1918 - then were published in India Act 1919
Introduced 'dyarchy'
Supposed to start self-gov but instead didn't improve anything
Amritsar Massacre and political Aftermath
13th April 1919 - General Dyer order open fire on unarmed crowd - killed 379 people - wounding more than 1200 (not reliable British authorities released them)
Historians believe over 2000 deaths
Indians who were loyal to Britain weren't any more - joined campaign for independence
Dyer's actions were investigated by Hunter Committee - he was asked to resign due to his excuse of 'stopping a rebellion'
'Morning Post' raised £23000 for Dyer and called him 'The man who saved India'
Also rewarded with sword