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Classification of hydrocarbon derivatives (Haloalkanes (Rules for IUPAC…
Classification of hydrocarbon derivatives
Haloalkanes
Functional group
-Fluor (F)
-Chloride (Cl)
-Bromide (Br)
-Iodo (I)
Halogen
General formula
R-X [halogen]
Rules for IUPAC name
Is chosen as the main chain the longest containing halogens
The carbons of the main chain are listed beginning with the nearest strand to the first substituent
It begins to write the name according to the alphabetical order of the substituent group
Examples
Alcohols
Functional group
Hydroxyl
General formula
R-OH (hydroxyl group)
Rules for IUPAC name
Select the longest string containing the -OH group
Number the string, starting with the end closest to the -OH group
Use alkane rules to indicate substituent groups
Name the string by changing the ending to
ol
Examples
Ethers
Functional group
-O-
Ether
General formula
R-O-R' (Oxyl group)
Examples
Aldehydes
Functional group
Carbonyl group
Is attached to at least one H atom
General formula
g
Examples
Rules for IUPAC name
The "e" in the alkane name is changed to -al
Common names for the first four aldehydes use the
prefixes form (1C), acet (2C), propion(3C), and
butyr(4C) followed by aldehyde.
Ketones
Functional group
Carboxyl group
General formula
g
Rules for IUPAC name
The -e in the
alkane name is replaced with –one.
name the alkyl groups attached to the carbonyl group alphabetically and add the word ketone.
Examples
Carboxylic acid
Functional group
-COOH
Carboxyl
General formula
R-COOH
Examples
Amines
Functional group
NH3 to Nh2 (amine group)
General formula
R-NH2
Examples
g