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Embryogenesis (Neurulation (Tubes form, making a neurula, Notochord…

- - - - Blastulation: mass of cells: hollow ball
        
        Cells differentiate: form cavities
        
        Two layers develop:
        
        Outer shell: trophoblast
        
        Inner collection of cells: inner cell mass (parts of it will eventually become embryo) (embryoblast)
        
        Rest of fluid filled cavity: Blastocoel
        
        Outer trophoblast: develop into structures help growing embryo implant into mother's uterus
        
        Inner mass cell differentiation
        
        5 days, Zona pellucida disappears: hatching
        
        BLASTOCYST
- - - - Making tubes:
        
        Gastrulation :three germ layers form (W3)
        
        Primitive streak
        
        Notochord
        
        Ectoderm
        
        Outer external
        
        Epidermis, hair, nails, brain, spinal cord and PNS
        
        Day 16: gastrulation
        
        Primitive streak
        
        Cut through epiblast (caudal to rostral): midline:
        
        first layer: deepest (endoderm) etc
        
        Directly beneath primitive streak: thin rod of cells: notochord: Major axis of body, inter-vertebral discs
        
        Endoderm
        
        Within
        
        Epithelial digestive tract, stomach, colon, liver, pancreas, bladder and lung
        
        Mesoderm
        
        Middle
        
        Muscle, bone, connective tissue, notocord, kidney, gonads and CS
        
        Regulation:
        
        FGF8 secretd by node nodal : maintains primitive streak
        
        BMP4: ventrilisation mesoderm