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Natural Hazards (Types of Plate Boundaries (Destructive/Convergent (Fold…
Natural Hazards
Types of Plate Boundaries
Constructive/Divergent
Collision/Convergent
Destructive/Convergent
Fold Mountains
Island Arcs
Transform/Conservative
Types of Hazards
Tsunamis
major secondary hazard
formed through water column displacement
usually consists of a sequence of waves
Tsunami Intensity Scale
Volcanoes
Types of Lava
Basaltic Lava
Andesitic Lava
Rhyolitic Lava
Shield Volcanoes
Composite Cone Volcanoes
Scales
Magnitude
The Volcanic Explosivity Index
Earthquakes
Types of Seismic Waves
Body Waves
P-Waves
pushes & pulls
moves through solid & liquid rock
arrives 1st
S-Waves
up & down
slower than P-Waves
moves through solid rock
Surface Waves (only travels through surface of crust)
Rayleigh Waves
rolling motion
moves ground up & down/side to side
Love Waves
fastest of surface waves
moves from side to side as it moves forward
Scales
Magnitude
The Richter Scale
Moment Magnitude Scale
Intensity
Mercalli Scale
Tectonic Hazard Profiling
Pressure & Release (PAR) Model
Risk = Hazard x Vulnerability
suggests way in which factors should be improved to help reduce the risk of a disaster
Risk - probability of harm/loss occuring
Hazard - tectonic event including secondary hazards
Vulnerability - refers to human geography characteristics
Physical/Economic/Social/Knowledge/Environmental
Risk Reduction = mitigation of hazard x reduction of vulnerability/increased capacity