homo sapiens roamed further than any other humaoid species

estimated global population of around 125000 1 million yrs ago

during the neolithic revolution where farming arose population remained low at 5 mil

population growth then grew exponentially as a result of technological advancements causing an increase in carrying capacity

broad generalisations can be made about the population growth from the 1700s onwards. Illustrated by the demographic transition model.

CARRYING CAPACITY: the number of people who can be adequately supported by the productive capacity of the land.

stage 1: isolated tribes such as the ones in New Guinea and the Amazon Basin.

Stage 2: the poorest developing countries such as Bangladesh, Niger, Bolivia

Stage 3: developing countries such as Brazil and India.

Stage 4: NICs are found in stage four with the likes of S Korea and Taiwan recently moving into this stage

Crude birth rate: number of births per 1000 population in a given year. Doesn't take into consideration the age and sex of the population

Crude Death rate: deaths per 1000. heavily influenced by the age structure of the population

Infant Mortality rate: the number of deaths of infants under 1yrs old per 1000 live births in a given year.

Life Expectancy (at birth): the average number of years a person may expect to live when born, assuming past trends continue.

Rate of Natural Change: the difference between the birth rate and death rate.