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to what extent does genetic inheritance influence behaviour (8/22)…
to what extent does genetic inheritance influence behaviour (8/22)
INTRODUCTION
the BLA states that all cognitions, emotions and behaviours have a physiological basis
the third underlying principle: behaviour is innate + inherited - because it is genetically based
gene = segment of DNA offspring inherits from parents
behavioural genetics = understanding of how genetics + environment contribute to to individual variations in behaviour
unlikely that a single gene = responsible for a specific behaviour, but can be a building block (eg. depression / schizophrenia)
environmental factors (eg. food/culture) also influence behaviour
it's thought that genes mean an individual might have a genetic predisposition to a behaviour - the environment potentially expresses the behaviour
types of studies into genetic research: twin studies, adoption suites + family studies
intelligence = aspect of behaviour studied in relation to genetics
measured using IQ tests
CONCLUSION
Scarr & Weinberg however demonstrate higher correlation between adopted child + adoptive parents than biological
it seems that genetics provide a predisposition to behaviours + environments can express this + enhance it or mask it
Bouchard et al. + Shields support the influence of genetics
not a simple cause-effect relationship between genetics + behaviour as so many extraneous variables and factors that come into play
Bouchard et al. (1990)
over 100 sets of monozygotic (identical) twins + dizygotic (fraternal) twins
twins raised together / apart
method: longitudinal study
50 hours of psychological + physiological testing
aim: to determine how much intelligence is attributed to genetics + environment
similarity rates between identical twins raised APART = 76%
Minnesota twin study
Bouchard concluded 70% of intelligence can be attributed to genetics + 30% to other factors
demonstrates effect of genetics on behaviour - the twins were brought up in separate environments and thus their shared genetics contributed towards their high similarity rate
Shields (1962)
the environment had very little influence on their intelligence
dizygotic twins had significantly lower IQ similarity (0.51)
very similar to those raised together (0.76)
demonstrates the influence of genetics
0.77 correlation in IQ
identical twins raised apart had greater similarity than fraternal twins raised in same environment
44 pairs of monozygotic twins raised apart