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2nd Year Chemistry: PERIODICITY ((:check:Ionization Potential is the…
2nd Year Chemistry:
PERIODICITY
Mendeleeve
First scientist to published the clear and coincides arrangement of the elements according to their periodic similarities.
showed, that the position of an element depends upon its
ATOMIC NUMBER
According to periodic Law: "
properties of elements are the periodic functions of their atomic number
"
Periodicity:
study of the chemical and physical properties of the elements.
Representative elements / Typical elements
are call "
A family
". A family has two blocks.
s-Blocks
p-Blocks
Representative elements are
metals, non-metal and metalloid.
Transition Elements
Outer Transition Elements
d-Blocks
Inner Transition Elements
f-Blocks
GROUPS
:check: In s and p blocks the
VERTICAL
:red_flag:columns of elements are called groups
PERIOD
:check: In the s and p blocks,
HORIZONTAL
:red_flag: rows are called period.
1st and 2nd group
are called the
ALKALI or ALKALINE earth metals.
:check: Electro-positive in nature
8th group
is called
NOBEL GASES
. :check:Valence shell full, therefore nonreactive under ordinary conditions
Transition elements
are all metals. :check: form colored compounds, & have variable oxidation states
:check:
Ionization Potential
is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in the gas phase.
:check:
Electronegative
is tendency of an atom in a molecule to attract an electron.
:check:
Electro-positive
atoms readily give up valence electrons and accumulate positive charge, known as
electropositive elements
, and this tendency is known as
Electropositivity
.
:check:
Electron Affinity
, energy released when an atom/ molecule gains an electron in gas phase to form a negative ion.