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Plant Chemisty (Structure of Atoms (Equal number of protons and electrons,…
Plant Chemisty
Structure of Atoms
Protons
Positive charged
Neutrons
uncharged
Electrons
Negative charged
Equal number of protons and electrons
overall uncharged
atomic number
number of protons
atomic weight
number of protons + number of neutrons
Ionic and covalent bonds
Ions
Compounds
Ionic compounds
formed my producing 2 ions
electrons will move so that all atoms have a full outer shell
the atoms are now charged either positively or negatively
Sodium chloride
ionic compounds can dissolve in water
water is polar
one end is slightly negative and the other is slightly positive
a chemical combination of 2 or more elements in a specific sequence
Covalent bonds
atoms share electrons to fill outer shells
single covalent bonds
methane
double covalent bonds
Carbon dioxide
compounds held together by covalent bonding have a definite number of atoms and a definite size
known as molecules
Carbon compounds
carbon has 4 electrons in its outer shell
can form 4 covalent bonds
most carbon compounds contain the same functional group
a particular arrangement of atoms which give characteristic chemical properties
examples
Hydroxyl group
R-OH
Methanol
Ethanol
means that it is an alcohol
Carboxylic acids
means its an acid
Acetic acid