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Existence of Implicit Bias (Ten Studies) (Lessons from studies (Medical…
Existence of Implicit Bias (Ten Studies)
Thirty Years (or more) of research on implicit bias
Cognitive accessibility as a method
Social judgments affected by stereotypes unintentionally
Happened regardless of how participants scored on explicit measures
Semantic Priming as a method
Social attitudes are tied to related concepts. I.E. words assoc. to women hastens attachment to female pronouns
Evaluative priming as a method
Exposed participants to photos of white/black faces
Results indicated racial bias in favor of whites relative to blacks
Asked to categorize words quickly
Individual differences in the motivation to control prejudice
Test on controlling prejudice
High on motivation to control motivation scored low on explicit bias
Did not predict implicit bias
Implicit Association Test
Used to measure implicit bias
"Gauges differences in how easy or difficult it is for people to associate individual exemplars of various social categories with abstract words..."
Prejudice is not "the invention of liberal intellectuals." It is simply an aspect of mental life that can be studied as objectively as any other. (Allport, 1954, p. 516)
Review summaries of cases on p. 47-48
Lessons from studies
Callback interviews
Job candidates w/ white names were 50% more likely to get callbacks
Preferences, budget cuts, verbal slurs, social exclusion, physical harm
Police Officers Decision to shoot
Plant and Peruche showed patrol officers in FL were significantly more likely to shoot unarmed black suspects
Medical decisions
Green et al. showed physician bias at the implicit level
Implicit stress affected retention of nurses
Undecided voters
IAT scores predicted votes
Binge drinking, etc.
Useful predictor of self-reported behaviors
Problems w/ Tetlock-Mitchell critique
Tetlock and Mitchell pulls together criticisms unfounded in research