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POSITIVE DEVELOPMENT ACROSS LIFESPAN :baby: :girl::skin-tone-4::man::skinā¦
POSITIVE DEVELOPMENT ACROSS LIFESPAN
:baby: :girl::skin-tone-4::man::skin-tone-2: :older_woman:
MAIN THEMES
:!!:
RESILIENCE
:snow_capped_mountain:
pattern of positive adaptations in the face of adversity or risk
FACTORS (Werner, 1995)
Optimism, internal locus of control and positive self-concept. :smile:
Availability of outlets to focus on (e.g. hobbies). :fishing_pole_and_fish:
Structure, male role models and encouragement of emotional expressiveness (for boys). :boy::skin-tone-2:
Good social and communication skills, with at least one good friend. :couple:
Employed mothers, emphasising risk taking and reliable support from an older female (for girls). :girl::skin-tone-4:
Ability to detach from unhealthy relationships and finding supportive surrogate (e.g. teacher).
Having religious beliefs. :pray:
GENERATIVITY
:evergreen_tree:
Each generation taking responsibility to bear, nurture and guide the next, and to maintain social institutions/resources for them
FLOURISHING & THRIVING WITH AGE
:older_man:
Accepting that certain capacities will decline but finding ways to compensate :arrow_right: enjoyment of activities that gives sense of satisfaction.
Socioemotional Selectivity
:arrow_right: Higher levels of Subjective Well-being
Older adults maintain fewer, but more intimate, social relationships, recognise emotions better and regulate emotions in more adaptive ways.
Drive for information and developing positive self-concept becomes less important with age, but drive for emotional self-regulation rises
WISDOM
:book:
having exceptional knowledge about conditions of life and human affairs
Finding meaning in positive and negative life experiences and have self-effacing sense of humour :arrow_right: better life satisfaction
Predictors (Baltes and Staudinger, 2000):
Intelligence
Personality disposition
Cognitive style
Life experiences
POSITIVE MENTAL HEALTH
:heavy_plus_sign: :check:
ASSUMPTIONS
Positive mental health is a product of specific personality traits/character:-
Authenticity
Heathy defence mechanism
Strengths and virtues
Innate needs drive search for positive mental health:-
Psychodynamic formulation
Fully functioning person
Self-actualisation (Maslow)
:silhouette:
FULLY FUNCTIONING PERSON
When one can integrate all his or her relevant experiences into a coherent and flexible self-concept :arrow_right: mental health fully :arrow_right: functioning person.
Self-Actualisation (Maslow)
Willing to risk security of the known/comfortable for potential growth that comes from embracing new challenges.
Correlates positively with indices of mental health.
TRAITS (of Self-Actualising People)
Openness to Experience
ā¢Efficient perception of reality
ā¢Acceptance (self, others and nature)
ā¢Continued freshness of appreciation
ā¢Spontaneity
ā¢Creativeness
ā¢Peak performance
Ethical standards
ā¢ Democratic character
ā¢ Discrimination between means and ends
Positive Relationship with Others
Social interest
Interpersonal relations
Philosophical, unhostile humour
Problem centring
Autonomy
ā¢Independence of culture and environment
ā¢Resistance to enculturation
ā¢Need for privacy
STRENGTHS AND VIRTUES
:angel:
Authentic happiness is found by identifying and cultivating oneās fundamental strengths and using them in the everyday contexts
:+1:
Good life
involves using oneās signature strengths to obtain gratifications in important areas of life
:sunflower:
Meaningful life
involves using signature strengths in service of something larger than individual self.
:sunrise_over_mountains:
Full life
involves feeling and savouring positive feelings about past, present and future to obtain gratifications.
HEALTHY DEFENCE MECHANISMS
:apple:
4 TYPES:
Psychotic
Extreme distortion of reality (e.g. delusional projection or psychotic denial)
Immature
Acts of projection, hypochondriasis, passive-aggression and acting-out
Neurotic
Normal acts (e.g. reaction, intellectualisation, repression, displacement, dissociation)
Mature :check:
Maximising gratification but being aware of underlying feelings (e.g. altruism, sublimation, anticipation, humour)
:boy::skin-tone-4: :girl::skin-tone-3:
POSITIVE YOUTH DEVELOPMENT
ORGANISED YOUTH ACTIVITIES
Prepare young people to be psychologically vibrant adults who contribute to the well-being of society.
Participation in the activities :arrow_right: lead to
positive development,
increased self-esteem,
later educational achievements,
voluntarism in adulthood
career success
Develops
INITIATIVE
ā¢Capacity to organise effort to achieve a goal (esp. when dealing with challenges).
ā¢Developing future time perspective - learn that success correlates with effort invested.
ā¢Learning to plan, taking into account multiple stakeholders.
ā¢Developing linguistic tool for logistic thinking (e.g. scenario planning and using āif-thenā sentence).
RESPONSIBLE SELF
Success at tasks as the result of their behaviour (e.g. being disciplined) ļ internalising a general sense of themselves as responsible.
REQUIREMENTS
Transformation of motivation
ā¢Learning to be motivated by challenge and to enjoy work itself (towards intrinsic motivation).
ā¢Application of flow theory.
Acquisition of social capital
Building connections with highly resourced adults who can provide information/resources to work in the adult worlds (building and using networks).
Bridging differences among peers
Interacting with, learning about and changing thinking about people who are different from them :arrow_right: learning to respect and be sensitive.
ROLE OF ADULT LEADERS
Monitoring activities and intervening (without undercutting youthās work/goals), if needed.
Structuring tasks to make them manageable, based on youthās abilities.
Cultivating norms that emphasise youth input and culture of taking ownership/responsibility.
Stretching and pushing youths beyond their comfort zones.
Supporting goals and directions set by youth (providing help and support).
POSITIVE AGING
:older_man::skin-tone-3: :older_woman::skin-tone-4: