The existence of implicit bias is beyond reasonable doubt
Cognitive accessibility as a method of demonstrating implicit bias
subliminal exposure
voluntarily reported their personal racial attitudes
Semantic priming as a method of demonstrating implicit bias
linked through speed and efficiency to semantically related concepts
serial semantic priming techniques
eye-blink startle responses
Stroop tasks
IATs
Evaluative priming as a method of demonstrating (and measuring) implicit bias
systematic differences in reaction times as a function of race and valence as an unobtrusive measure of intergroup attitudes
presence of implicit racial bias in favor of whites relative to blacks
Modern Racism Scale
implicit attitudes, as indexed by a carefully constructed measure, can predict the quality of cross-racial interactions
Individual differences in the motivation to control prejudice
moderator of the relationship between implicit and explicit biases
motivation to control prejudice
participants who were higher in motivation to control prejudice scored lower on an explicit measure of prejudice
the motivation to control prejudice did not predict implicit bias, but it did moderate the relation between implicit and explicit forms of bias
implicit bias was more strongly correlated with explicit bias when the motivation to control prejudice was low than when it was high
Enter the Implicit Association Test
IAT gauges differences in how easy or difficult it is for people to associate individual exemplars of various social categories with abstract words and categories that have evaluative implications
IAT scores were correlated with the magnitude of amygdala activation
self-reported racial attitudes failed to predict amygdala activation under the same circumstances strengthens the already burgeoning case for the discriminant validity of implicit attitudes