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Unit 3 - Oscillations and Nuclei (3.2 Vibrations (:star: The graphical…
Unit 3 - Oscillations and Nuclei
3.2 Vibrations
:star: The graphical representation of SHM - the variation of kinetic and potential energy.
:star: SHM in spring systems and the simple pendulum.
:star: a = -ω²x and its solutions x = Acos(ωt+ε) and v = Aωsin(ωt+ε).
:star: Damped free oscillations including critical damping and the effect of damping in real systems.
:star: The definition and characteristics of simple harmonic motion.
:star: Forced oscillation and resonance - practical examples
3.5 Nuclear Decay
:star: Background radiation.
:star: Activity, A, and the decay constant, λ, and half life, T1/2.
:star: Nature range and penetrating power of alpha, beta and gamma rays.
:star: The radioactive decay equation and the solutions.
:star: The spontaneous nature of nuclear decay; the nature of alpha, beta and gamma radiation.
:star: The derivation and use of λ = ln2/T1/2.
3.6 Nuclear Energy
:star: The meaning and use of E = mc².
:star: The unified atomic mass unit (u); calculations of nuclear binding energy per nucleon.
:star: The conservation of mass / energy to particle interactions including fission and fusion.
:star: The binding energy per nucleon curve.
:star: The relevance of the binding energy per nucleon to nuclear fission and fusion.
3.1 Circular Motion
:star: Angles expressed in radians.
:star: Centripetal acceleration and force
:star: The period of rotation, frequency, speed and angular velocity of rotation.
:star: The use of the following equations relating to circular motion
v = ωr
a = ω²r
F = mv²/r
a = v²/r
F = mω²r
3.3 Kinetic Theory
:star: The assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases.
:star: The avagadro constant, the mole, molar mass.
:star: The equation of state for an ideal gas, pV=nRT.
:star: The mean translational kinetic energy of the molecules of a gas.
:star: The molar gas constant and the Boltzmann constant.
3.4 Thermal Physics
:star: Calculations using W=pV, W = area under p-V graph, and U = 3/2nRT.
:star: In practical terms, U = Q, for solids and liquids.
:star: Internal energy, U, and the first law of thermodynamics, U = Q - W.
:star: Thermal equilibrium as the definition of temperature equality; absolute zero as the minimum energy state.
:star: Thermodynamic systems and their boundaries.
:star: Temperature differences determining heat flow.