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Liberalism (Individualism (In its most general sense, liberal…

- - - - An even more radical form endorsed by some thinkers associated with liberal tradition, is normative egoism. The principle that one ought to aim only at benefitting oneself.
- - - - The Liberales in Spain considered the first political faction identifying with 'liberal' values
        
        Freedom of expression
        
        Secular constitution
- - - - However, by the 20th century, Hobhouse argues that popular presentation 'is the natural guardian of popular rights' and contributing to 'a much more comprehensive effort towards liberty'.
        
        Representative democracy is now widely accepted by liberals as allowing for the expression of a diversity of views
  - - - French philosopher Montesquieu ideas on separation of powers are intrinsic to liberal thought
        
        He believed the judicial, executive and legislative branches of government should be separated to dilute the concentration of power and reduce the risk of tyrannical rule.
        
        This idea was the fundamental thinking behind the US constitution
- - - - Influenced by economists such as Milton Friedman
        
        "A society that puts equality before freedom will get neither. A society that puts freedom before equality will get a high degree of both."
      - Deregulation
      - Rolling back the state
      - Privatisation
- - - - A principle of respect for religious conscience
      - The doctrine of the separation of church and state
        
        Toleration emerged as a pragmatic solution to the problem of religious conflict in the 16th and 17th centuries
      - An appreciation of the importance of toleration for social peace