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Unit 2: (5 Types of Criticism (Source Criticism (Addresses what sources…
Unit 2:
5 Types of Criticism
Source Criticism
Addresses what sources were used in writing the gospels and the New Testament. Tries to determine where the information came from. The " Synoptic Problem" is the problem of where they first sourced it from. Matthew Mark and Luke are so similar they can be compared. It is widely accepted that Mark was written first. There was also another unknown source named Q.
Historical Criticism
Attempts to discover what the evangelists wanted to say and the probability of the text actually being traced back to Jesus. For example: Linguistic analysis- Jesus spoke Aramaic. Verses containing Aramaic phrases can be traced back to Jesus.
Form Criticism
The formation and structure of what happened in miracles, parbles and riddles. Miracle Story: Healing or exorcism- Miracles must have an introduction, Jesus' intervention, result and reaction. Parable: a vivid short story told to convey religious truth, usually with a surprising ending. Riddle: a question or statement that teases the mind. Requires thought and application
Redaction Criticism
How their writer's audience influenced the final product. Mark: wrote for a local church who experienced suffering and presented Jesus as the Suffering Servant and that his followers should accept the challenges of their own crosses.
Textual Criticism
Compares the minor changes and mistakes the copyists made down through the centuries so that the translations today are as accurate as possible.
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