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Industrial revolution (Why did the industrial revolution happen in…
Industrial revolution
Why did the industrial revolution happen in Britain?
1.
cole
kickstarted the revolution
(before that wood was the main source of energy)
as the population increased, it increased the demand for timber
cole provided up to 3 times more energy than wood
it was necessary to find a way to pump water out of the deep cole mines
horse-driven pumps first
1712 first steam engine
2.
intellectual climate
in Britain during this period
(age of reason)
practical knowledge: industrial enlightenment
Lunar society
Soho manufactory
became the first steam-powered manufactory in the world
Birmingham
grew 9-times the size during the 17th century
James Watt created a more efficient steam engine
3.
political liberty
political stability in Britain
vs. France: absolute monarchy and controls
authorities in Paris
Perrier brothers wanted also to build a steam engine
no free exchange of ideas (this is needed for innovations)
centralized innovations
investigations + granting and approval
bureaucratic and slow
regulation slowed innovation
business men didn't have incentives for innovation (like in Britain)
British government supported the innovations and the idea that new wealth could be created
in France it was believed that wealth in the world is finite
4. Britain was the
naval superpower
until WWII
Royal navy's vital role in expanding the trade
English harbor at Antigua (in the Caribbean)
very little government intervention in the trade
in France entrepreneurship was not supported
free trade --> slavery
during the 18th century 2,5 million slaves for the British in the West Indies colonies
sugar cane plantations, by 1790 sugar was the nr 1 import
5.
new wealth
from the trade
GDP more than doubled during the 18th century
tea from China, sugar from the West Indies
new kind of household equipment were introduced
these were designed and manufactured in Britain
Wedgwood and Bentley
the power of marketing
consumer revolution helped to drive the industrialization
there was demand for goods, but transport for the raw material and finished goods was a problem
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6. 1763
transport revolution
new turnpike roads to connect the potteries
canals + tunnels
legislation supported this
the potteries became one of the great ceramic centers of the world
7.
conclusion
imperial power
political liberalism and enlightenment
geological good fortune
Started in the UK
18th century
roads, railways and tunnels were built
cities appeared
factories were built
Britain the wealthiest nation
Why did the industrial revolution happen?