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EVOLUTION AND ECOLOGY INTRODUCTION (the breakthrough: Charles Darwin and…
EVOLUTION AND ECOLOGY INTRODUCTION
evolution in modern times
Buffon 1707 - 1788
used reproductive isolation as the basis to recognise species
recognised genetic relationships between similar species
BUT defended the immutability (unchanging over time/unable to be changed) of species
proponent of comparative anatomy
“[Buffon is] The first author who in modern times has treated evolution in a scientific spirit” (Charles Darwin)
The “Buffon Paradox” – not an evolutionary biologist, yet, the first evolutionist (Ernst Mayr)
very religious and believed in God so did not call himself an evolutionary biologist
Erasmus Darwin 1731 - 1802
(kind of) natural selection: “the strongest and most active animal should propagate the species”
first mechanistic evolutionary biologist
described the idea of phylogenetic trees - The first “mechanistic” Evolutionary Biologist
Charles Darwins grandfather
Jean Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829
first evolutionary theorist
organisms become increasingly more complex
environmental pressures promote adaptations
Theory of Use/Disuse: organisms pass on to their descendants the traits they acquire during their lifetime (Lamarickian Evolution)
coined the word biology
evolution and ecology
ecology
the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology, geography, and Earth science
evolution
the process by which different kinds of living organism are believed to have developed from earlier forms during the history of the earth
Gregor Mendel (1822-1884)
the father of genetics
laws of inheritance provided the “missing link” to develop a Modern Theory of Evolution
integration of Darwins and Mendels principles in the 1930's resulted in the Modern Theory of Evolution also known as The Modern Synthesis
the breakthrough: Charles Darwin and natural selection theory
the father of the modern evolutionary theory
took position on the HMS Beagle, a ship mapping the coast of South America and studied animals, mainly finches, discovering the theory of natural selection
The Theory of Natural Selection
the very first comprehensive mechanism that explains and predicts evolutionary change
backbone of biology
Natural Selection Theory is the ultimate Universal Law in Biology
organisms with advantageous features are more likely to survive and pass on these traits to their offspring, resulting in the organisms becoming more and more adapted to the environtment
Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913) - the co-discoverer of the theory of natural selection
birds of paradise
Darwin-Wallace theory of evolution
worked independently to Darwin but came up with same idea
Key people
Charles Darwin
findings produced in The Origin of Species in 1859
father of the evolutionary theory
1809 - 1882
established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors
Albert Einstein
German born theoretical physician
developed the general theory of relativity
1879 - 1955
Issac Newton
laid the foundations of classical mechanics
larger masses will distort more eg the sun distorts the solar system more than planets
1642 - 1726
Anaximander
Greek philosopher
first to develop a cosmological view of the world
611-546 BC
possibly the first evolutionary biologist