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Progressive Era/Foreign Policy (5Ws) (Progressive Era (Teddy Roosevelt…
Progressive Era/Foreign Policy (5Ws)
Progressive Era
Realism VS Muckrakers
Realists
tried to show the harsh side of American Lower class
Mark Twain, Jack London, Jacob Riis
Wanted to make everyone aware of the effects of industrialization and urbanization on Lower class
For the first time Americans see the need for reform
Muckrakers
journalists who exposed unfair business practices and corruption in government
Said to "rake in" muck and make everyone aware of troubles
Muckrakers
Jacob Riis
wrote "How The Other Half Lives"
took pictures to show harsher side of reality for immigrant living and working conditions
Ida Tarbell
anti-monopolist, against Standard Oil
wrote "The Shame of the Cities"
strengthened urban reform
Upton Sinclair
wrote "The Jungle"
his book greatly improved immigrant working conditions and the safety of meat
caused the above
#
Thomas Nast
created negitive cartoons about William "Boss" Tweed
lead to Tweed being removed from office
Pure Food and Drug Act AND Meat Inspection Act
Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)
mandated accurate ingredient labels
forbade the manufacture, sale, or transportation of food and patent medicine containing harmful ingredients
Meat Inspection Act (1906)
this act required federal inspection of meat shipped across state lines
Secret Ballot (Initiative, Referendum, Recall)
Referendum: ask citizens to vote on laws (accept or reject)
Recall: allows citizens to remove an elected official through voting
Initiative: citizens allowed to add ideas to be voted on
17th Amendment
created direct election of senators
"kills" any political machines left
19th Amendment
gives women the right to vote in 1920
Suffrage
Suffrage: the right to vote in political elections
National Women Suffrage Association
Teddy Roosevelt
Square Deal
TR's promise to ensure fairness between business owners, workers, and consumers
Trustbusting
TR's attack on trusts/monopolies
deemed to have negative effect on economy
Breaks a big company into smaller pieces
Standard Oil split into 33 different companies
Reversed Laissez fair policy
Laissez faire = non-interference by government in business affairs
Conservation
Creates National Parks System
Newlands Reclamation Act (1902): federal government created irrigation projects to make dry lands productive
Arbitration
3rd party settles union disputes
previously government had always sided with owners/big business
Big Stick
"speak softly and carry a big stick" - Teddy Roosevelt
TR's foreign policy was to negotiate peacefully and at the same time threatening with the military
Civil Service Commission
a government agency of the federal government of the United States and was created to select employees of federal government on merit rather than relationships
Foreign Policy
Imperialism/US Territories
Imperialism: Colonizing an area for the benefit of a mother country
William H. Seward imagined a US that dominate the Caribbean, Central America, and the pacific.
Hoped that the Us would gain access and control of Pacific and Atlantic Oceans
Acquisition of Alaska and Hawaii
Alaska
1867, Seward signs treaty with Russia purchasing Alaska for $7.2 million
1912 - territory, 1959 - state
Oftern called "Seward's Ice Box" until god was found in 1890s
Hawaii
Hawaiian sugar planters wanted to avoid US tariff on sugar
decided to make Hawaii a territory to remove tariff
the queen wanted Hawaii to become more independent so she took powers away from the American sugar planters
the sugar planters rebel and set up own governement
the queen stepped down to avoid fighting and Hawaii became a territory in 1900
Spanish-American War
Impact of Yellow Journalism
Yellow Journalism: journalism that is based upon sensationalism and crude exaggeration
Persuaded many people that going to war was a good thing to do
USS
Maine
One of the bigger things that started the Spanish-American war
Spain was thought to have blown up the ship but it was later found out that the ship had a problem in the engine room
Results
US Territories gained: Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines
Impact on Spain
Spain got $20 million for the Philippines
Spain also lost a lot of soldiers and had a lot of damage
Panama Canal
completed on August 15th 1914
The Panama Canal is an artificial 48-mile waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean.
was/is important because ships could save tons of time traveling across the oceans
trade was faster
Diplomacy
Big Stick
President Theodore Roosevelt
foreign policy: "speak softly, and carry a big stick."
Dollar
President Taft
Intervene in other nations when American business interests are threatened
Moral
President Wilson
The US had a duty to teach Latin America how to govern their country