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Validity (Threats of Validity (External (:red_flag:HISTORY (Historical…
Validity
Threats of Validity
External
:red_flag:HISTORY (Historical external event affecting the test, e.g. War, or Noise/Laughter/other events during session that distract participants & cause them to react differently)
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:red_flag:INSTRUMENTATION (equipment changes/ breaksdown / human scorer is not impartial & consistent?)
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:red_flag:SELECTION (Choosing participants in such a way that the groups are not equal before experiment.
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Participants:
:red_flag: 1) RANGE RESTRICTION (Sample group more homogeneous) - White / Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic, Hispanic Asian & African American? (Not rep of minorities & cultures, age groups)
- College Students as a convenience sampling.
Not diverse enough to represent the different age group, adults, late adolescents/larger population.
- Motivational pattern & Coping process of participants. GENERALISATION (Population / environment / seasonal)
:red_flag: 2) SAMPLE SIZE
:red_flag: 3) ATTENUATION (Reliability of criterion measure is poor, affecting Validity)
:red_flag:4) CRITERION CONTAMINATION: More experienced people have appraisal scores involving more biases.
:red_flag:5) ASSUMPTION: -Non-Linear relationship
- Length of test
- Connection between 2 variables: Diff for diff grps, hence coefficient sub-group varies
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