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9 assessments (Formative (Advantages: This type of assessment can be given…
9 assessments
Formative
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Disadvantages: dents may not see these assessments as important, and therefore not feel the need to do their best, resulting in a less than accurate picture of student understanding
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Purpose: are utilized continually to provide snapshots of the student as they are learning, these assessments are low pressure and don’t generally carry a letter grade with them, they merely let the teacher know where the student stands.
Example: My class of 4th grade elementary students learning present progressives is required to fill out an exit slip before they leave class. Here the student has to write down an answer to a question where they must use the present progressive as an answer.
Definition: Formative assessment, including diagnostic testing, is a range of formal and informal assessment procedures conducted by teachers during the learning process in order to modify teaching and learning activities to improve student attainment.
Positioning Rationale: This would be a “For Learning” type of assessment as it can be utilized consistently through the learning and teaching process and has little academic "bite"
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High Stakes
Definition: Any test used to make important or critical decisions about a student and their abilities where there is little or no chance at modifying the grade.
Purpose: The purpose of this type of assessment is most commonly an attempt by governmental or educational agencies to institute accountability per grade level.
Example: 1.) SAT(scholastic aptitude test) used for colleges and university entrance..2.) LSAT (Law School Admission Test) used for admission to law school. 3.) FSOT (Foreign Service Officer Test) Used for admittance into the U.S. Foreign Service
Advantages: 1.) Establishes high expectations for the receiving body, school, parents, and students. 2.) Creates an easy to view level of achievement and position.
Disadvantages: Those that teach and are required to administer high stakes assessments, may "teach the test" instead of teaching for education 2.) Attempts to be a "one size fits all" assessment ignores other types of intelligence...
Positioning Rationale: High Stakes Testing is an assessment that comes after a body of information is learned, therefore it maintains the position of "of learning"
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Student Teaching
Definition: Student teaching students is an assessment where peers learn a corpus of material and then proceed teach others under the guidance of an instructor.
Purpose: This assessment utilizes peer instruction and learning by teaching to not only teach other students and themselves.
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Advantages: 1.) Learning by teaching is a powerful learning tool. 2.) Peers teaching peers opens up the material in a much more relateable way.
Disadvantages: : 1.) Students may not fully grasp their subject. 2.) Students themselves aren't aware of the meta-cognitive process learning follows.3.) Requires large amounts of time and effort on the part of the instructor.
Positioning Rationale: Students teaching students is a consistent, for learning assessment that engages a students judgement and understanding as well as what they've learned on the subject and what they see other students have learned. As students are engaged with others they learn more about their own strengths and weaknesses, it also fills in gaps they may have.
References: 1.) Chase, K. (2012, October 16). When Students Do The Teaching. Retrieved January, 2017, from https://www.edutopia.org/blog/blended-learning-students-teach-students-envision-schools
2.) T. (2013, June 09). The power of student-driven learning: Shelley Wright at TEDxWestVancouverED. Retrieved January, 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3fMC-z7K0r4
3.) T. (2015, October 13). Reimagining Classrooms: Teachers as Learners and Students as Leaders | Kayla Delzer | TEDxFargo. Retrieved January, 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6vVXmwYvgs
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Diagnostic
Advantages: Grants the teacher a concrete understanding of each students academic ability.
Gives the students a baseline of achievement to strive for and build off of.
Disadvantages: if the assessment isn't properly completed, the student may be mis-categorized. and run into a host of pacing issues
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Purpose: These assessments provide instructors with information about student's prior knowledge and misconceptions before beginning a learning activity. They also provide a baseline for understanding how much learning has taken place after the learning activity is completed.
Example: For a 1st grade ESL elementary class the teacher would assess the students' abilities of single letter phonics before moving onto two letter phonic combinations.
Definition: Diagnostic assessment is a type of assessment which examines what a student knows and can do prior to a learning program being implemented.
Positioning Rationale: Diagnostic assessment is a summative assessment of all a student knows before they engage with a new corpus of information. Therefore I feel this type of assessment is of learning
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Portfolio
Advantages: 1.) Provide evidence of student ability along multiple projects. 2.) Clearly shows if learning goals were or weren't met. 3.) Work can easily be reviewed by student, parent, and teacher.
Disadvantages: Creating and assessing multiple projects is time consuming. 2.) The portfolio itself can be difficult to manage. Grading multiple projects requires multiple grading rubrics.
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Purpose: To show student ability and demonstration of learned information or a compilation of finished projects.
Example: 2nd grade ESL learners who have learned the abc's would be recorded singing the abc song. Those same students recorded reading digraphs, still later those same students recorded reading multi letter combinations, and finally those same students recorded reading larger letter combinations. These recordings would be placed into a file and then be used to review the students or given to the parents as proof of learning
An assessment tool that records student learning through multiple projects. These projects are collected into a "portfolio" of completed tasks to give a more complete picture of student learning. These portfolios are divided into 2; a process portfolio, and a product portfolio.
Positioning Rationale: The portfolio assessment can be divided into process folders and product folders, so this type of assessment would work in "for learning" and "of learning" assessments. However, it is the belief of the writer that this type of assessment would be more beneficial as a "for learning" assessment by utilizing a process folder.
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Authentic
Advantages: 1.) Students are able to show proficiency in real world tasks, not just theory. 2.) Being required to complete a real world project while being monitored by the teacher lends confidence to the student.
Disadvantages: 1.) Setting up assessments can be time consuming and costly. 2.) Teacher has limited time.
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Purpose: Using this assessment gives instructors confidence that what they've been teaching is effective enough for students to utilize it in a real world situation.
Example: 2nd grade students who have learned basic phonics to multi letter phonics combinations will be required to read a menu and order. It is simplistic enough for their level and is authentic as everyone eats.
Definition: A type of assessment that requires the student to perform real world tasks that express their ability to utilize learned material and then
Positioning Rationale: For learning. There's always something more to learn when performing a task, especially when other students are involved and the teacher is observing. This seemingly summative assessment does a very good job at being formative as the teacher can observe areas where the student lacks or misses things, here the teacher may re-teach or use one student as an example for others to learn from.
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Summative
Advantages: 1.) Gives the teacher and student a clear level of understanding and baseline to build on. 2.) Each student is given the same test for ease of grading.
Disadvantages: The day of the summative assessment may not be good for the student,i.e. "life happens", student may be having a bad day , something happened at home, or student is hungry or distracted.
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Purpose: The goal of summative assessment is to evaluate student learning at the end of a unit to determine how much the student has learned.
Example: 1st grade ESL students learning the alphabet must be able to recognize each letter in and out of order, the phonetic sounds for each, and write them down when heard.Teacher will grade this after all are finished.
Definition This type of assessment is used to determine student information acquisition and how well they are able to express their learning.
Positioning Rationale: Summative assessments take a students net understanding of the subject after they've learned and pegs them at a certain level.
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Self Assessment
Definition: An assessment technique where students themselves grade or determine their own level of ability. for a given corpus of material..
Purpose: The purpose of this assessment is to give individual students a chance to reflect and mark their own work.
Example: .First grade ESL students are to write the alphabet (common and capital) then grade it themselves using an answer key
Advantages: : 1.) Gives the students additional time to work with the material 2.) Encourages student involvement and responsibility. 3.) Grants the student practice with making judgments.
Disadvantages: : 1.) Students may have problems being objective during grading.2.) Unreliable 3.) Inconsistent
Positioning Rationale: Self Assessment fits nicely in the " of learning" category . Here I equate self assessment to self grading on a test although self assessment can be used in other ways as well.
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Peer Assessment
Advantages: 1.) Students interact with others as equals, great for self esteem. 2.) Encourages student interactions and engagement.
Disadvantages: 1.) Student assessments can be unreliable unless the teacher spends time teaching and grading those who are assessing.2.) Time consuming for the teacher 3.) Students may be biased toward others in the class, this may influence what grade is given.
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Purpose: Peer assessment gives students more time to work with the same body of material in a slightly different fashion. It also gives them practice judging others work.
Example: 2nd grade ESL learners have an assignment where they need to write specific words correctly such as a spelling test. Each student is given an answer key and told to grade another's test
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Positioning Rationale: This assessment seems to be a continuum of activities. Each time a student grades someone else's paper they're reinforcing the information they've just learned.
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