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Hormone action (Hormones (Paracrine/ local mediators (E.g.…
Hormone action
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Binding
Most hormones:
- polypeptides (insulin): precursor proinsulin: C chain cleaved between A and B chains
- amino acid
- steroids
Adrenaline: Steroid
- Isoproternol: beta adrenergic agonist, bind + stimulate beta adrenerg receptors
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Progesterone: corpus luteum: lining of uterus
Steroid hormones
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Bind and activate receptor molecules within target cells: trans factors, regulate gene expession
Small structural differences, interactions with diff recpetors
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-Estrogen binding:
- Substantial structural rearrangement in protein
- Hormone binding not greatly alter ability of recpetor to bind DNA
- Co activator proteins bind to receptor in presence of hormone= transcription complex
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Receptors
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Extracellular- GPCR
- Catelcholamines (adrenaline)
- peptide hormones
- Nitric oxide
Gluc and ins
Glut transporters
GLUT 3:
- BRAIN
- high affinity, preferential uptake
GLUT 4::
- MUSCLE AND ADIPOSE TISSUE
- plasma membs of cytoplasmic vesicles within cell moves towards surface when insulin
- INSULIN SENSITIVE
- medium affinity
GLUT 2:
- LIVER, kidney, intestine, PANCREATIC BETA CELL
- Lower affinity
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GLUT 5:
- JEJENUM
- Fructose uptake
- medium affinity
GLUT 1:
- BRAIN, erythrocytes, placenta and fetal tissue
- High affinity, constant
Glucose uptake gut
Na dependent glucose transporters, not GLUT family
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