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Anatomy of endocrine (Thyroid (Histology: Follicles: absorb iodine…

- - - - Mostly bound to
        
        Throxine binding globulin
        
        Albumin
        
        Thyroxine
        binding prealbumin
        
        STABLE SUPPLY AND STORAGE
  - - - opposite effect to PTH
  - - - Thyroglobulin endocytosis followed by cleavage and release of T4 and T3
  - - - T4 converted to T3 by D1 and D2
        T3 binds to TR: nuclear receptor, regulates transcription
      - increase GH
        decrease prolactin
- - - - PTH: small and dark
        PEPTIDE
        
        Increased bone resorption, bone calcium into blood
        
        increase calcium reabsorption from kidneys
        
        Vitamin inactive -> Vitamin D
    - - larger, periphery, unknown
- - - - Inf Phrenic, aortic and renal blood supply
      - Cortisol: STEROID
        
        stimulate gluconeogenesis
        
        enhance breakdown of fat and protein
        
        inhibit inflam response: stress
        
        STRESS:
        CRH (hypothalamus)
        ACTH (pituitary)
        Coritsol (adrenal)
        
        Levels highest in the morning
        
        gluconeogenesis + hep gycogen synthsis
        
        conversion of AA,lactate, \
        
        fat and protein breakdown
        
        anti-inflam
        
        Na+ retention and K loss
      - Aldosterone:
        
        stimulate sodium reuptake: increase blood pressure
        
        decrease K+
        -Increase H2O
        
        Renin cleaves angiotensinogen
        
        Angiotensin 1 -> angiotensin 2 via ACE
        
        ACTH + ang 2 stimulate aldosterone
        
        Low BP and Na+
        
        High K+
      - Adrenalin
        
        promotes breakdown of glycogen to glucose
        
        lactate -> glucose
        
        Lipolysis
        
        Increase cardiac muscle contraction
- - - - Nuerohypopysis
        
        ADH: kidney tubercles
        
        Conserves body water and regulates tonicity of body fluids
        
        osmotic and volume stimuli
        
        Water deprivation increases osmolaity of plasma activates hypothalamic osmoreceptors, stimulate ADH
        
        Oxytocin: smooth muscle uterin +mammary gland
    - - Adenohypophysis
        
        Releasing hormones from hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system (vascular)
        
        TSH: thyroid
        
        ACTH: adrenal cortex
        
        PRL (mammary gland
        
        inhibited by dopmaine
        
        GH: Bones + tissue
        
        GHRH and GHIH
        
        mediated by IGF-1
        
        produced in liver
        
        Long half life
        
        Children:
        
        linear growth
        
        Adults:
        
        Protein synthesis
        
        Carb meta
        
        lipolysis
        
        calcium homeostasis
        
        FSH and LH: ovaries and testes
        
        menstrual cycle