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Salmonella (Basic understanding of salmonells nomenclature, typing and…

- - - - One is evident in exponentially growing cells exposed to a sudden acid shock
      - The other is induced when stationary phase cells are subjected to a similar shock
  - - - Siz sub species:
        enterica
        salame
        arizonae
        diarizonae
        indica
        houtenae
        I, II, IIIa, IIIb, IV and VI respectively
    - - typhi and paratyphi = humans
        
        typhoid fever
        enteric fever
        
        Gas is not produced
        during fermentation
        
        paratyphi A and B
        Milder forms of enteric fever
        
        Most strains do not produce hydrogen sulphide
      - pullorum and gallinarum = Poultry
        
        Cause fowl typhoid and pullorum disease
        
        Non-motile
        (Less antigens - possess the same antigenic formula)
      - dublin = Cattle
      - typhisuis and cholerasuis = Pigs
        
        Causes severe disease
      - abortusequi = Equine
      - abortus ovis = Sheep
  - - - Slide agglutination
      - PCR
      - Arrays
      - Based on lipopolysaccharide
  - - - Important for invasion and intracellular survival
      - Phase varation
      - Two types
        
        1 is switched onto get through the intestine and is switched off once close ot a cell so they are not detected by the immune system
        
        2 is switched onin the cell, the immune system doesnt recognise it
    - - SopD - Contributes to fluid secretion and inflammatory response during Salmonella infection
      - SopA - Is a E3 ubiquitin ligase and regulates Salmonella induced intestinal inflammation
      - SopE/E2 - Interact with central regulators of the host cell actin cytoskeleton
      - SptP - Reverses membrane ruffling after Salmonella entry
    - - Inside host cells, the bacterium is enclosed in a membrnae bound compartment, the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV)
      - The SifA effector ptotein is important for the membrane stability of the SCV
      - Intracellular replicaiton of Salmonella requires the translocation of effector proteins into the host cytosol