Time Perspective
(TP) ⏰
Time Perspective
Influencing
factors
🎎 Cultural Values
✡️ Religious Orientation
💵 Economics
🏮Socioeconomic Status
📔 Education Levels
🐧 Individual's Career
☠️ Economic / Political Instability
👴 Personal Experiences
👿 Person's own system
of meanings
Different
individuals
have varied
ways in
which their emotions are
based on
memories
immediate
situation
anticipated
outcomes
Zimbardo
TP Inventory
(ZPTI)
correlations
between
Optimal Time Perspective
Balanced Time Perspective
State of being able to switch flexibly among past, present and future time frames as appropriate to the demands of the situation
Possible ZPTI Strategies
👨🔧Reduce Past Negative and Present Fatalistic: Reframe event, forgiveness, identify external factors or specific causes for negative experiences, meaningful activities
👴Increase Past Positive: Identify happy events, be grateful, spend time with family and friends.
👩🔧Increase Present Hedonistic : Plan leisure activities, Practice mindfulness
👨✈️Reduce Present Hedonistic and Increase Future : Practice self-regulation (temptations), visualise future and set goals, develop instrumental life skills
👩✈️Reduce Future : Clarity priorities (must / want), self-regulation (guilt/worry)