Time Perspective

(TP) ⏰

Time Perspective

Influencing
factors

🎎 Cultural Values

✡️ Religious Orientation

💵 Economics

🏮Socioeconomic Status

📔 Education Levels

🐧 Individual's Career

☠️ Economic / Political Instability

👴 Personal Experiences

👿 Person's own system
of meanings

Different
individuals
have varied
ways in
which their emotions are
based on

memories

immediate
situation

anticipated
outcomes

Zimbardo
TP Inventory


(ZPTI)

correlations
between

Optimal Time Perspective

Balanced Time Perspective
State of being able to switch flexibly among past, present and future time frames as appropriate to the demands of the situation

Possible ZPTI Strategies
👨‍🔧Reduce Past Negative and Present Fatalistic: Reframe event, forgiveness, identify external factors or specific causes for negative experiences, meaningful activities
👴Increase Past Positive: Identify happy events, be grateful, spend time with family and friends.
👩‍🔧Increase Present Hedonistic : Plan leisure activities, Practice mindfulness
👨‍✈️Reduce Present Hedonistic and Increase Future : Practice self-regulation (temptations), visualise future and set goals, develop instrumental life skills
👩‍✈️Reduce Future : Clarity priorities (must / want), self-regulation (guilt/worry)