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NPA (Virtualization (RON (Resilient Overlay Networks, focus on application…

- - - - Internetwork
      - Local Network
  - - - Customer Premise VPN
        
        expertise by customer to acquire, configure, manage VPN
      - leased line VPN
        
        configuration costs, maintenance by SP: long time, much manpower
      - VPNNetwork-based VPN
        
        Sites can use private addressing
        
        Traffic from one VPN can not be injected into another
    - - Security/privacy
      - Mobile IP
      - Cost: / share at lower layers
      - Abstraction and manageability:
- - - - Mobile IP
        
        agent discovery/ Registration / indirect routing
        
        Home Agent / Foreign Agent
    - - Care-of-address
      - Visited network:
      - Foreign agent
      - Permanent address:
      - Correspondent:
      - Home agent:
      - Home network:
    - - Indirect routing:
      - Direct routing:
  - - - Local
      - Wide Area
    - - scalable
      - Abstraction, delegating works of implementation to the routers
      - application interface is simple
      - header savings
- - - - know only physically connected
      - Distance Vector
        
        Bellman Ford
    - - must have complete topology
      - Link State
        
        Dijkstra
        
        computes shortest path from one node to all others
- - - - Principles
        
        Traffic classification
        
        Mark the packets
        
        Resource sharing
        
        use resources efficiently
        
        Traffic/Guarantees specification
        
        How much BW for APP
        
        Call admission
        
        don´t give what you can´t provide
        
        Traffic isolation
        
        protection (isolation
    - - Hard real-time
      - Soft real-time
      - Best-effort
  - - - Which packet to drop
        
        Tail
        
        RED random early drop
        
        Round robin scheduling:
        
        Weighted Fair Queuing:
        
        Strict Priority scheduling:
      - FIFO
    - - IntServ
      - DiffServ