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antibiotics (b-lactams (Cephalosporins (First-gen: broad spec g+ve cocci,…
antibiotics
b-lactams
penicillins
natural
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cidal to g+ve cocci and bacilli, neisseria and spirochetes
semi synthetic
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pen-ase and acid resist: oxacillin, cloxacillin, flucloxacillin
broad and acid resist: ampicillin and amoxicillin: against g-ve typhoid, dysenterym haemophilus. amox->urti
against P.aer.: Carbenicillin, Carfecillin, susbstituted ampi (piper, azlo, mezlo)
Cephalosporins
First-gen: broad spec g+ve cocci, certain g-ve rods. b-lacase resistant
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third-gen: 100 fold more active, P-aer activitiy
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Monobactams
aztreonam, resist b-lacase, active g-ve meninges, bladder, kidneys
carbapenems
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Active P.aer, broadest spec compared to other b-lacs, IV b/c poor oral BA. highly resist b-lacase
b-lactamase inhibitors
clavulanic acid, tazobactam, sulbactam
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Rifampicin
s.syn derv of refamycin. well absorb orally, less rapid exec.
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Fusidic acid
steroidal, well absorbed as Na salt
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Chloramphenicol
broad spec, rickettsiae, chlamydiae. mainly static
well absor. orally, pen csf more readily than other ab
se aplastic anaemia. only for life-threat infections typhoid, meningitis due to h.influ
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Macrolides
Erythromycin
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spiramycin, oleandomycin less effect
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Lincosamines
clindamycin
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penetrate bones, used in osteomyelitis
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