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OEC Project (Aman (been a wide variation in cost, based on the type of…
OEC Project
Aman
Solar energy is one of the cleanest forms of energy sources and considered as a green source of energy. 1190
from low carbon emission, no fossil fuel requirement, long term solar
resources, less payback time and other. However like other power generation sources, solar energy has
also some Safety, Health and Environmental (SHE) concerns. 1190
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In general, solar technology has two major categories, i.e. solar photo-voltaic (PV) modules and concentrating solar power (CSP).
PV cells convert sunlight energy into electrical energy by absorb-
ing photons from the light and thus atoms move from the lower orbit to higher orbit and finally leave the parent atoms. CSP uses reflective surfaces to focus sunlight into a beam to heat a working fluid in a receiver. The steam produced from the heat is used to drive the turbine and subsequently the generator is run to produce power (1192)
There are three general families of photovoltaic (PV) modules in the market today. They are mono-crystalline silicon, polycrystal-
line silicon, and thin film (1192)
Polycrystalline (also known as multi-crystalline) modules are made from cells containing lots of small silicon crystals [35]. This makes them the production cost cheaper but also slightly less efficient than mono-crystalline modules.(1192)
The cells in a mono-crystalline module are made from a single silicon crystal. This crystal is cut into wafers roughly 0.2 mm thick before the wafers are chemically treated and electrical contacts are made. They are cut from single crystals to become highly efficient. These modules convert up to 15% of the energy from the sun into electricity, and test models over 20% (1129)
been a wide variation in cost, based on the type of materials. (1192)
The average global PV module price has also been dropped from about 22 USD/W in 1980 to less than 4 USD/W in 2009, while for the larger grid connected applications the prices have dropped down to roughly 2 USD/W in 2009
However on the other hand, produc-
tion of these panels consumes substantial amounts of energy and produces waste water and hazardous by-products which are released to the air during the manufacturing process (1092)
but it has been proven that making a solar panel from recycled components require 1/3 of the energy than that of producing panels from the scratch. (1092)
The point of concern in the manu-
facture of solar panels is that the silver used in the module is leftover and is considered a dangerous waste. Production of these panels in high quantities could also lead to the depletion of silver resources.
Renewable energy sources also have a carbon footprint value because they also emit greenhouse gases particularly during construction phase. (1093)
In general fossil fueled electricity generation has the largest carbon footprint (above 1000 gCO2eq/kWh) and renewable technologies have low carbon footprints (1094)
Sahu
However, among all renewable energy sources, solar energy is
one of the most abundant and the largest potential energy source
in the world. The
The monocrystalline solar cell had 24.7% efficiency,
The use of fossil fuel could have the capacity in
regional, local and environmental challenges. So, a clean energy
system has the capacity to neutralize the environmental impacts [5].
That clean energy is renewable energy which could have the
capability of meeting the energy demands as well as mitigating the
global warming. In the past few years, it has been observed that
renewable energy technology is steadily maturing and its share of
energy has been going up
The rapid falling of the solar cell costs in the past few years has
been making energy generation at a widespread rate in the global
scenerio.
However, renewable energy is one of the alternative
sources which has the capacity to mitigate all the above. Among all the renewable energy sources, solar
energy is one of the most abundant and the cleanest energy source. 621
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Sharma
recent years, the technology upgradation has not only made solar photovoltaic technology price competitive but also as a viable technology. 1
wo layer solar panels have shown about 75% increase in efficiency as compared to a single layer solar panel. 1
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The enhancement of energy using solar photovoltaic in a limited space is important in urban areas due to increased land cost 1
Mohajeri
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solar energy is one of the renewable energy re- sources with the greatest potential and could be the world's largest source of electricity by 2050 1
Compactness is a major urban form parameter that affects the accessibility of solar energy in the built environment. 1