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(Compartments: Phospholipid bilayer fatty acids,phosphate group, organic…

- - - - 1
        
        Prophase:
        Chromosomes begin to condense, crossing over, recombinant
        Metaphase:
        Spindle fibres attach to chromosomes, chroms line up and centre at cell
        Anaphase:
        Chroms move to opposite ends of the cell, spindle fibres shorten
        Telophase:
        Chroms reach opposite ends, nuclear membrane forms
        Cytokinesis: cell division
      - 2
        
        Prophase:
        Chromosomes begin to condense, nuclear membrane dissolves, spindle fibers form
        Metaphase:
        Spindle fibers attach to chromosomes, chromosomes line up in center of cell
        Anaphase:
        Centromeres divide and sister chromatid move to opposite ends as spindle fibers shorten
        Telophase:
        Chromosome opposite ends
        Nuclear membrane forms
        Cytokinesis: cell divison
    - - 1
        
        Prophase:
        Chroms begin to condense, recombinant cross over
        Metaphase:
        Chroms line up in center, spindle fibres form
        Anaphase:
        Spindle fibers shorten, chroms move to opposite end
        Telophase:
        chroms opp ends, nuc membrane forms
        Cytokinesis: cell division
      - 2
        
        Same again
  - - - Regulate checkpoints:
        controls G1/S checkpoint
      - Phosphorylation is a type of post-translational modification
      - -Growth factor
        -Cell to proliferate
        -Binds to receptors on cell surface
        -Activates signalling cascade
        -increases cyclin D expression
        -inactivates Rb (cyclin-CDK complexes phosphorylate Rb
        Cyclin E expression -cell cycle progresses
    - - Signal to activate p53 via kinase signalling
        P53 is a transcription factor that regulates genes
        
        Apoptosis
        
        Cell cycle arrest,
        DNA repair
        Cell cycle restart
  - - - Chromosome segregation:
        Prophase: Spindle fibres appear, chromosome condenses
        Prometaphase:Spindle fibres attach to chromosomes, chromosomes condense
        Metaphase: chromosomes align
        Anaphase:
        Centromeres divide, sister chromatids move to opposite poles
        Telophase:
        nuclear membrane reforms, chromosome decondense, spindle fibres disappear
        Cytokinesis: Cytoplasm divides, 2 daughter cells
- - - - Template strand
        RNA pol builds RNA molecule out of comp nucleotides 5-3
    - - terminators signal RNA transcript complete
        Release of RNA polymerase
    - - RNA polymerase binds to promoter
        RNA pol separates DNA strands
  - - - ribosomes assemble around target DNA, tRNA attaches to start codon
        Each codon corresponds to specific amino acid
    - - Amino acids are brought to ribsome by tRNA's and linked together to form chain
    - - Finished polypeptide released
        Further folding for specificity
- - - - one allele, one gene
      - each gene has two copies, half -mum: half-dad
    - - Genes for different traits can segregate independent during formation of gametes
    - - Recessive, dominant