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Health Psychology and Aging - Q2: Please develop an intervention program…

- - - - Cooper and Klantzel (2007): CVR/CVD relationship is theorized to be mediated by a variety of factors such as hardening of peripheral blood vessels, alterations in autoregulatory processes resulting in the narrowing of arterial lumen, occluded blood flow due to arterial damage and resulting in the build up of fatty plaque
  - - - Cooper and Klantzel (2007): Slower returns to baseline cardiac output for African Americans relative to Caucasian Americans
      - Atienza et al. (2001): Females showed greater systolic and diastolic increases in blood pressure during stressful CR-oriented laboratory task while also showing greater rates of recovery relative to men
      - Goldman et al. (2004): Gender differences in CVR were attenuated in a traditional eastern culture population sample (Taiwan) relative to American trends. Likely due to disenfrachisement of women in traditional Tiawanese culture
    - - Orsulic-Jeras, Shepherd, & Britton (2003): Precursor to Strength-based Model
        
        Strength-based model: focus on strengths, assessments center on identifying strengths and incorporates biopsychosocial model, treatment aims to support coping behavior, change, and growth, emphasizes options and promotes success, client is active in treatment, therapy is a partnership, client is treated as unique, "what is right and how"
        
        Medical model: focus on illness, assessments center on identifying symptoms and pathology, treatment aims to suppress negative symptoms, emphasizes insight of emotional problems through introspection and appraisal of past events, client "receives" treatment, therapy is unidirectional, client is categorized and labeled, "what is wrong and why"
        
        Six pillars of strength-based model: physical functioning, social support, life roles, employment/hobbies/recreation, history/culture, & coping
        
        Strength-based models often achieve a higher level of client participation and facilitates group-specific modes of coping
        
        Strength-based model may find resistance in OA populations that are accustomed to medical model treatment
      - Given the ubiquity of CVD, a definition of successful aging that emphasizes appraisal of physical losses will be necessary so that individuals may still feel successful in the aging process
        
        Ferri, James, & Pruchno (2009): perception of health predicts mortality independent of actual disease and/or disability
        
        Builds on Rowe and Kahn (1998) model of successful aging by adding psycholocial well being to existing constructs of functional, cognitive, and health measures
    - - Benefit of having pre-existing CVD treatment models
      - Teri et al. (2011): Seattle Protocol of activity resulted in better general health perception, improved physical function, more self-reported time exercised, better muscle strength and endurance, and improved quality of life. The activity protocol demonstrated a low-cost intervention that realized improvements in a variety of areas with strong adherence that showed benefits maintained at 18 months. A health promotion program did not show such affects and showed no additive benefit when paired with the activity program.
- - - - Greater CVD presence in CG relative to non-CG
      - Seeman & Chen (2002): the effects of social support on physical functioning are amplified for those with comorbid conditions
  - - - Will need to determine the use of laboratory vs. ambulatory measures with respect to precision and generalization
      - Avlund et al. (2003):Social support positively predicts functional health and will need to be categorized by network size, network participation, type of network relationships, and quality of network relationships
        
        Cooper and Klantzel (2007): Attention will need to be paid to ambivalent social relationships as they have been found positively correlate with onset of CVD