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Variations to Milgram's Experiment (Conclusion (The level of obedience…
Variations to Milgram's Experiment
Experiment 10: Run-Down Office Block
The experiment was carried out in a run-down office block, instead of Yale University.
Obedience: 47.5%
Status of location effects obedience.
Obedience
decreased
in a less prestigious environment.
This location was seen as
less legitimate
and the participant was
less likely to be in the agentic state
, as they didn't feel the experimenter would take responsibility.
Experiment 7: Telephonic Instructions
All communication between the teacher and experimenter was done via the telephone.
Obedience: 20.5%
It is
easier to resist
orders from an authority figure if they are
not close by.
Many participants
cheated and missed out shocks
or gave less voltage than ordered to by the experimenter.
Proximity of authority figure effects obedience.
Experiment 13: Ordinary man gives orders
The experimenter leaves the room and an ordinary man, with clothes similar to the teacher, orders them to give the shocks.
Obedience: 20%
Further experiment: 68.75%
Milgram described this experiment as being strained and the
learner had to go to considerable lengths to persuade the teacher to continue.
A further experiment resolved some of this issue, where the learner stated he would
administer the shocks himself if the teacher was unwilling to do so.
Conclusion
The level of obedience was highest in the original experiment, all other variations led to decrease in obedience.
Least effect: Location of the experiment
Most effect: Orders of the experimenter
Obedience results from orders given by an authority figure.