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Introduction to Law and the Singapore Legal System (Sources of Law (The…
Introduction to Law and the Singapore Legal System
The Nature and Status of the Law
Definition of the word '
law
'
"the system of rules which a particular country or
community recognises as regulating the actions of its members and which it may enforce by
the imposition of penalties‟
"a rule, usually made by a government, that is used to
order the way in which a society behaves, or the whole system of such rules."
"a set of rules and obligations which must be obeyed‟.
Law & Morality
Morality may be defined as „a personal or social set of standards for good or
bad behaviour and character, or the quality of being right, honest or acceptable
Another fundamental difference between law & morality is that moral standards may differ
from community to community, religion to religion and person to person.
Law in the Business world
Benefits of Legal Knowledge
make better business decisions
avoid legal problems from arising (and save costly legal fees!)
know how to handle problems if they should arise
manage your business better
save running costs
Classification of Law
Criminal Law vs Civil Law
Criminal Law
crimes are viewed as wrongs committed against the society (or the State)
Action Taken:
Criminal Proceedings
Party who represents the State:
Public Prosecutor
or
Attorney-General
Person prosecuted against:
Accused
or
Defendant
Civil Law
wrongs which are not considered as crimes punishable by the State are considered to be
civil wrongs. (state will not get involved)
Court Action:
Civil Suit
or
Civil Trial
Parties involved are the
Plaintiff
and
Defendant
International Law and Domestic Law
International law
comprises rules which govern the relationship and dealings between one
country and another.
Domestic Law
comprises rules which govern everyone within the country itself. An example of
this would be HDB laws or CPF laws. (only applicable in Singapore and not in other countries)
Sources of Law
The Constitution of Singapore
Legislation
Common law
International conventions
English law
The 3 Arms of Government
The Executive
The Judiciary
The Legislature
The Singapore Court System
Court of Appeal (‘CA’)
: the highest court in the Singapore judicial system
The High Court
The State Courts
Major State Courts
District Courts
Magistrates' Courts
other State
courts
Coroners’ Courts
Community Court
Small Claims Tribunals
Family
Justice Court
Youth Courts
Syariah Court
Parliament and the Making of Law in Singapore
Types of Bills
Private Member's Bill
Government Bill
Introduction of Bills
1st Reading
2nd Reading
Submission to the Select Committee
3rd Reading
Presidential Council for Minority Rights (the Approval Stage)
Presidential Assent