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the terms 'culture' and 'cultural norms' (8) (culture…
the terms 'culture' and 'cultural norms' (8)
culture
Shiraev + Levy (2004)
= "a set of attitudes, behaviours + symbols shared by a large group of people + usually communicated from 1 generation to the next"
Matsumoto + Juang (2008)
= "a unique meaning + info system, shared by group + transmitted across generations. it allows the group to meet basic needs of survival, pursue happiness + well-being + derive meaning from life"
no single generally accepted definition of culture
both state culture = transmitted from 1 generation to next
share beliefs (political / religious / moral)
share behaviours (norms / traditions)
share symbols (words / gestures / pictures / objects) carrying meaning only recognised by specific culture
reference essential functions of culture
permits interaction to produce food, procreate, develop knowledge, skills + tools to protect from environment
provides formation of complex social networks + relationships
Triandis (2002)
draws distinction between objective + subjective culture
objective culture = visible characteristics (cuisine / fashion)
subjective culture = beliefs, norms + group values
cultural norms
social dimension extends to cover wider social groups
eg. ethnic group as opposed to a peer group
special kind of social norm
contributes to long-lasting sense of social-identity
regulate behaviour in accordance with group beliefs
norms of established group transmitted across generations
part of subjective culture