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Research Methods (Descriptive Methods (Case Studies (Positive:Rich with…
Research Methods
Descriptive Methods
Naturalistic Observation
Observing behavior in natural setting
Positive: Behavior is natural
Must ensure subject is unaware of observation
Negative: Observer Bias: emphasizing expected behavior while not noticing conflicting behavior
Negative: Some behaviors are rare which makes is hard to observe
Case Studies
Positive:Rich with hypothesis
Negative: Can allow researcher to be bias because of lack of further evidence
Negative: Generalizability: wether findings apply to similar circumstances.
Archives
Positive: Allows lots of data to be studied
Negative: Will miss data not recorded in public records
Surveys
Positive: Allows data collection concerning behaviors that are not demonstrated in public
Negative: People can lie on surveys due to social desirability bias
Negative: Can potentially miss certain populations or not correct represent a population
Resprsentative Sample. A carefully selected group whose characteristics match those of a larger population.
Psychological Testing
Reliability: Scores must be consistent over time to be considered reliable
Validity: test must measure what it is intended to measure to be considered valid.
Experimental Methods
Field Experiments
Positive: Allows manipulation of variables outside of laboratory in more natural setting
Negative: Less control of due to no lab
Laboratory Experiments
Positive: Allows manipulation and control of variables as to decipher cause and effect
Negative: Participant responses may be unnatural due to lab setting
Phineas Gage (specific case study)
Severed connection between frontal cortex and limbic system severed
Resulted in personality changes. Less to little control over emotions and self
Allowed for detailed study of brain