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Chapter 14: Water Pollution (Types of Pollutants (synthetic organic…
Chapter 14: Water Pollution
Types of Sources
Point Sources - distinct locations that discharge water pollutants
Nonpoint sources - broader areas that discharge pollutants
Types of Pollutants
wastewater
oxygen demanding waste
measured in BOD (oxygen/time at temperature)
dead zones - most life dies due to high BOD. Can cause a positive feedback loop
nutrient release
cultural eutrophication - occurs when water suddenly becomes more fertile due to influx of anthropogenic nutrients
disease-causing organisms
fecal coliform bacteria -species that lives in the intestines of humans. Used as an indicator species for the possible presence of deadly pathogens
heavy metals
lead - cause brain, nervous system, and kidney damage
arsenic - causes cancer
mercury - damages central nervous system
acid deposition and mine drainage
synthetic organic compounds
pesticides and inert ingredients
pharmaceuticals and hormones
military compounds (perchlorates)
industrial compounds
oil pollution
solid waste pollution
sediment pollution
thermal pollution
Wastewater Treatment
Septic Sytems
septic tank- receives wastewater from house
scum- top layer made up of anything lighter than water
septage - relatively clear middle layer of water that contains bacteria and possible pathogens. Flows out of septic tank
sludge- bottom layer that sits at bottom of tank and is made up of anything heavier than water
leach field - pipes and surrounding lawn that allow septage to be slowly absorbed and filtered by the soil
Sewage Treatment Plant
primary treatment- large particles allowed to settle and form sludge
secondary treatment - bacteria break down suspended particles into CO2 nitrogen, and phosphorous. Remaining particles added to sludge after water sits for several days
legal sewage dumping- occurs when plants exceed intake capacity
Manure Lagoons - ponds lined with rubber that hold water containing animal waste. Waste is used as fertilizer after bacteria break it down