Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Topic 1 Management Commitment (1.1 eras of safety management (before 1900s…
Topic 1 Management Commitment
1. Intro
why manage SH?
compliance
$$
$$1.25 trillion / year
every 15 sec, a worker dies due to occ acc
200 lives lost every year in Msia
protect lives
safe environment
human right
x accidents
commitment
workers
employers
1.1 eras of safety management
before 1900s
industrial injuries
common law
states x pay
x compensation law
1911
workers' compensation legislation
compensate employees for occ. injuries
1.1.1 inspection era
how this originated?
prevent accident, x pay
how?
make working condition safe
cleaning
eliminate physical hazards
results
death rate dropped
1912 : 18,000 - 21,000
1933 : 14,500
compensate for loss of earning power n medical bills
1.1.2 unsafe act & condition era
H.W. Heinrich
1931 : industrial accident prevention
unsafe acts
88%
measure
education
safe working
unsafe contions
12%
measure
clean up physical condition
1.1.3 the industrial hygiene era
1930s
occ illness became compensable
measures
eliminate physical condition hazards
eliminate unsafe acts
monitor env condition
1.1.4 the noise era
1951
case of a loss of hearing in wisconsin
measures
protect workers from hearing loss
protect company from hearing loss occurred elsewhre
1.1.5 safety mgt era
1950-1960
management perspective
setting policies
define roles and responsibilites
adopt statistical techniques
wider the scope
transport safety
property damage
off the job safety
measures
better define scope and function of positions
professional certificate prog
develop curriculum for formal education
1.1.6 the osh era
1970s : OSH Act
emphasize on inspection
federal and state control
compliance
control the loss
de-emphasize
human approach
focus
removing physical conditions per std
documenting the actions
1.1.7 the accountability era
incorporate accountability in performance
focus
hazard correcting
less on finding mistakes
inspecting
developing checklist
job safety analysis
focus more on getting things corrected
prioritizing
system evaluation
organization
1.1.8 the behavior based era and human era
1980s
focus on people
reinforce safe behavior
correct at risk behavior
1.2 principle of safety mgt
Heinrich's principle
Axiom 1 injury is the results of completed sequential factors
Axiom 2 unsafe acts cause majority of accidents
Axiom 3 an injury occurs after a person committed unsafe act or exposed to unsafe condition hundred of times
Axiom 4 reason for unsafe act
improper attitude
physical unsuitability
lack of knowledge / skill
improper environment
Axiom 5 preventing accidents
engineering revision
personal adjustment
persuasion & appeal
discipline
Axiom 6 Accidents are preventable
Axiom 7 method similar to control of quality, cost and prod
Axiom 8 mgt is responsible
Axiom 9 supv . & foreman are key driver
identify prob
find reason for the prob
select remedy
apply remedy
Axiom 10 economic factors
cost of accidents
1/5 paid by employer
safe establishment is efficient and productive
1.2.1 accident causation theory
domino theory
"domino effect"
focus
unsafe act & unsafe condition
multiple causation theory
focus
all factors / causes
address root cause, i.e. mgt system
1.3 development of mgt system
what for?
evaluate hazard control programs
e.g., ISO
1.3.1 defining mgt system
way to organize OHSA activities
ILO-OSH 2001
interacting elements to establish policy & obj
ISO 14001:1996
overall mgt system
OC
planning
procedures
process
resources
system approach
Deming P-D-C-A
Fig 1.1
open system
have pathway to interact with env and gain energy
close system
have limit ability to respond to changing env
1.3.3 system vs prog
Fig 1.2
system, have feedback loop
prog, x feedback loop
1.3.4 elements
mgr leadership & commitment
worker participation
continual improvement
evaluation
integration
management review
assess overall system
lesson learned
improve performance
modify exisiting system
1.4 safety culture
1.4.1 concept
attitude & behavior
perception towards work env (climate)
mgt concern & involvement
hazards & risks control
organizational & personl leadership
top, middle & supv level
allow workers involvement
hierachical
control
participatory
colunteer
behave according to perceived expectation
values, belief, principle
practices & behaviors
diemsions
mission
priority on safety
involvement
ownership
voluntary commitment
reduce bureaucrtic controls
14.2 impact of safety culture on performance
top mgt leadership
participation
care for well being
reciprocate
safety activites
safety oriented workforce
lower mgt commitment
employees' invovement
14.3 mgt of integrated safety culture
integrated safety
key value value in org culture and members' behavior
how?
raise areness
hazards & risks
empower supvs
safety performance appraisal
reinforcing feedback
include in middle managers performance
change behavior
adapt mgt system to change process
shape organization culture
ressistance to change
consultative approach
1.5 mgt's involvement & commitment
commitment
emotionally & intellectually bound
actions
involvement
participation
engagement
imanagement
group of ppl
authoritative power
Table 1.4
1.5.1 responsibility
S15 OSHA 1994
S16 safety policy
employ SHO
mngrs & supv
detect & correct unsafe act and behavior
train subordinates
ensure compliance
1.6 SH committee
S30(1) OSHA 94
40 or more employees
directive from DOSH DG
1.6.1 encourage workers' involvement
JD
performance appraisal
representatives
chairman
secretary
representatives from employer
representatives from employees
functions
assist
develop SHE rules
implement SSOW
review
effectiveness SH prog
analyze acc. statistics
review SH policy