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First Language Acquisition Theories
First Language Acquisition Theories
Interactionist/ developmental
perspective
Lev Vygotsky
observed children and adult interactions (specifically in school)
saw the importance of conversations between kids and kids and adults
this scaffolds or supports the child's learning
language develops primarily from social interaction
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
what children need to know is available in the language they are exposed to
hear it used in thousands of hours of interactions with people & objects around them.
Jean Piaget
language is built on cognitive development
object permanence
stability of quantities
logical inferences
observed infants and children playing
Language was ONE of a number of symbol systems that are developed in childhood.
The Innatist perspective
Noam Chomsky
all languages are based on innate universal principles.
innate knowledge of language called "universal grammar"
language acquisition device in brain
children biologically programmed for language
all children successfully acquire their native language
children acquire language from their environment but they have an innate mechanism to assist them in doing so
Critical Period Hypothesis
The Behaviorist
Perspective
B.F. Skinner
"positive reinforcement"
this looks like anything from Praise to successful communication
environment
as major influence
imitation until they form 'habits' of correct language use
imitation & practice
the quality and quantity of language heard, as well as consistency of reinforcement would shape child's language
