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HYPOKINETIC DISORDERS (MULTIPLE SYSTEM ATROPHY (pyramidal (hyprerreflexia,…
HYPOKINETIC DISORDERS
MULTIPLE SYSTEM ATROPHY
rigidity
bradykinesia
postural instability
tremor UNUSUAL
autonomic dysfunction
cerebellar issues
pyramidal
hyprerreflexia
babinski responses
spasticity
pseudobulbar palsy
Pathologic Features
cell loss and gliosis
glial cytoplasmic inclusion bodies that stain for alpha synuclein
PARKINSON'S
Neurologic Features
primary extrapyramidal features
rest tremor
rigidity
bradykinesia
postural instability
sensory
olfactory
visual
sensory
sleep
fatigue
asymmetric onset
Motor Features
masked face
diminished blink frequency
stooped posture
small-stepped shuffling gait
reduced armswing
hypokinetic dysarthria
micrographia
autonomic dysfunction
gi
urinary
sexual
cardio
thermoregulatory
Pathologic Features
degeneration of pigmented neurons
substantia nigra (pars compacta)
locus ceruleus
dorsal vagal nucleus
Lewy body formation
(cytoplasmic inclusions)
produce alpha-synuclein
Neurochemical: dopamine deficiency
PROGRESSIVE SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY
parkinson-like
rigidity
bradykinesia
extra
symmetric
astonished facial expression
severe dysarthria
sleep disturbances
pyramidal tract signs
opthalmologic
supranuclear gaze palsy, including downgaze, horizontal gaze
oculocephalic reflex intact
apraxia of eyelid opening
pathologic features
midbrain and cerebral cortical atrophy
neuronal loss and gliosis
neurofibrillary tangles (globose) which contain abnomally phosphorylated tau proteins