Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Turning Points in Biology (DNA (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid, A Helix shape, A…
Turning Points in Biology
Antibiotics
Cannot kill virus'
are a substance that slows down/stop growth of bacteria
Penicillin
was the first antibiotic
Is a mould
Found by accident
Alexander Fleming
1 antibiotic may only work against 1 disease
penicillin
- breaks down cell walls
erythromycin
- stops protein synthesis
neomycin
- stops protein synthesis
vancomycin
- stops protein synthesis
ciprofloxacin
- stops DNA replication
DNA
D
eoxyribose
N
ucleic
A
cid
A Helix shape
A code that tells your body what proteins to make
46 chromosomes per cell
DNA is made of
Nucleatide
Protein is made in the cytoplasm
2 purines:
Adenine
and
Guanine
2 organelles:
Nucleus
and
Michochondria
4 rungs:
Adenine
,
Thymine
,
Guanine
and
Cytosine
Sides of DNA ladder:
Sugar
,
Phosphate
and
Backbone
Contains instructions for our body to grow and develop
Gene: sections of DNA that codes protein our body needs
Watson and Crick
Built up of 2 strands to make the double helix
Differentiation
Evolution
Is a species that has a adapted to a certain location
E.G The horse
Climate change affects animals which then have to adapt to there new surroundings over a long period of time to there new surroundings
To have a species evolve is for a mutation to occur
Lamark - The inheritance of accquired characteristics
(1744-1829)
Charles Darwin
Natural selection
Survival of the fittest
Extinction
Extinction: All individuals killed in a species die.
Adaptation: A behavioral adaptation for an organism to survive
But
physical adaptation takes millions of years
Food chains and webs can be affected by death of any organism in the chain
Human activity can cause extinction:
Destruction of natural habitats
Competition for resources
Over Hunting
Climate change
Biotic: living causes E.g New predator
Abiotic: non-living cause e.g, Rainfall
Biodiversity: The variety of life on Earth
Vaccines
Pathogen: microorganisms that cause diseases
Different vaccines are used for different pathogens
Vaccination involves putting a small amount of an inactive form of a pathogen, or dead pathogen, into the body
live pathogens treated to make them harmless
harmless fragments of the pathogen
toxins produced by pathogens
dead pathogens
These all act as antigens. When injected into the body, they stimulate white blood cells to produce antibodies against the pathogen
Toxin: natural poison made by the pathogens
Vaccines in early childhood can give protection against many serious diseases