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10.2 FUNCTIONAL GROUP CHEMISTRY (alcohol (oxidation (primary (aldehyde…

- - - - 100% atom economy
      - fast
      - higher yield
      - purer product
    - - renewable
      - low energy
  - - - oxygen
      - water
  - - - aldehyde
        
        distillation
        
        partial oxidation
        
        excess alcohol
      - carboxylic acid
        
        reflux
        
        full oxidation
        
        excess oxidizing agent
    - - ketone
    - - resist oxidation
        
        lack of Hydrogen
    - - Kr2Cr2O7
        
        orange to green
      - KMnO4
        
        purple to colourless
- - - - addition of bromine water and mixture of alkene and bromine water will change colour from brown to colourless
      - C2H4 (g) + Br2 (g) → C2H4Br2 (aq) [brown→colourless]
  - - - catalyst - nickel
      - temperature - 150°C
      - react with hydrogen gas and form saturated alkane
    - - addition of elemental halogen
        
        react with steam
      - catalyst - phosphoric (V) acid
      - temperature - 300°C
      - pressure - 6-7MPa
    - - linking together many small monomers to form a polymer
      - the C=C replaced by a single C-C bond, and the electrons released forming new bonds to the adjacent monomers
- - - - presence of UV light
      - homolytic fission
        
        Cl2 → 2Cl·
    - - Cl· + CH4 → CH3· + HCl (1)
      - CH3· + Cl2 → CH3Cl + Cl· (2)
      - CH3Cl + Cl· → CH3Cl· + HCl (3)
      - CH2Cl· + Cl2 → CH2CL2 + Cl· (4)
    - - Cl· + Cl· → Cl2 (1)
      - CH3· + Cl· → CH3Cl (2)
      - CH3· + CH3· → C2H6 (3)
      - remove free radicals
  - - - CO2 and H2O
      - C and H2O
        
        very limited O2
    - - large amount of E released in forming C=C
    - - CO2
      - H2O