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Chapter 11: National Policy :explode: (9 Challenges of VISION 2020…
Chapter 11: National Policy
:explode:
ECONOMY OF MALAYA
Early Settlement
Fertile areas along rivers and coast line
Provides "Natural Economy" for agriculture and fishery
During British Occupation
Only concentrate on
Rubber
Coming of Indian
Demand of rubber
Tin
Coming of Chinese
Demand for Tin
Imbalance distribution of Economy
Concentrated to
West Sabah
1st & 2nd div. in Sarawak
West Peninsula (called New Malaya)
Communication facilities based on economic interest
Road and railways constructed and rivers cleared
Rest used conventional way of communication
ECONOMY AFTER INDEPENDENCE
Divided in 4
2nd Phase (1970-1990)
New economic policy (NEP)
OPP1
Reduce and eradicate poverty
Agricultural development
Diversifying the manufactures
Restructuring of society
Balance distribution of economy
Expand the share of economy for bumiputra without reducing the economic attainment of the other groups
3rd Phase (1991-2000) OPP2
National Development Policy
NDP maintains the basic strategies of the NEP
Focus on employment and rapidly development at an active BCIC
In restructuring objective by creating greater opportunities
Restructuring Society
To continue efforts at increasing bumiputra participation in economic activities.
To encourage more bumi participation in private sectors
1st Phase (1956-1970)
For economic growth
Greater employment opportunities
4th Phase (2001-2010)
National Vision Policy
To bring balanced development
K-economy
To achieve Vision 2020
Principles of NVP
To build an enduring nation by fostering unity and patriotism
To create an equitable society through eradicating poverty and reducing the imbalances between ethnic group and territories
To sustain high economic growth by strengthening growth in financial and corporate sectors and macro-economic management
To continue sustained development of the environment for the purpose of long term development
9 Challenges of VISION 2020
Creating society that is free, peaceful and advance, confident of its own capabilities, successfully proud and strong in facing problems
Creating and develop a democratic society that is matured and practises a shared philosophy
Creating a Malaysia nation that is united and with a common objective
Creating a moral and ethical society with strong religious and spiritual values
Creating a society is tolerant and liberal and free to practise it won custom, culture and religions
Creating a scientific and progressive society that is forward looking and farsighted and is thus able to contribute to improving civilization based on science and technology
Creating a caring society and practise a caring culture
Creating a society that is fair in the distribution of national wealth regardless of race
Creating a prosperous society with a competitive economy
National Agricultural Policy (NAP)
Objectives
To increase the people’s income
To balance national economic development based on manufacturing
Raise production output through optimum use of resources
To increase & provide sufficient food resources
Programme
Open & develop a new land such as FELDA, FELCRA
Re-planting programmes and land rehabilliation
Collective land & development
R&D and training incentives
Stratergy
Develop the agricultural sector
Restructure agricultural agencies
Develop the rural farm
Employment opportunities especially the rural population
Implement policies on food production
National Cultural Policy
Objectives
To nurture & protect a strong Malaysian identity based on a spirit of love for religion, race and homeland
Improve the quality of life – balanced physically, spiritually and socio-economic development
To strengthen unity of the race & country
Programme
Development of arts & culture
Continuous art presentations by the National Cultural Complex
Strategies
Place Islam as an important element in the national culture
The attitude and image of Malaysians are being projected in international society
Stress the history and the cultural life of the Malay world
Privatisation Policy
Privatisation
Policy allowing private sectors to own & manage services formerly run by the government
This applies to the commercial and industrial enterprises which are often owned, managed and implemented by the public sector which could otherwise be operated by the private sector
Privatization is premised on the assumption of the superiority of market forces over administrative directives in governing economic activity to achieve efficiency
Objectives
to reduce the financial and administrative burden of the government
SPEED UP economic growth
to improve efficiency and increase productivity
Programme
Management contract – the use of private sector management expertise to manage government entities
Concessions especially public facilities eg water supply & roads
Communication ( telecommunication & television), port, road, construction, air & shipping
Strategy
Protect workers so that they are not oppressed or dismissed without proper reason
Ensure assurance of priority to workers’ welfare
National Incorporation Policy
Objective
To improve national earnings
To create an attitude of sharing and mutual understanding regarding procedures and objectives of both sectors
To create close, meaningful, effective cooperation between the public & private sectors
Programme
Determine policies & regulations as well as provide facilities and incentives
Explores various business opportunities in & outside the country
Strategy
Foster & improve understanding on Incorporation Policy
Expose & train workers in the private & public sector
National Industrialisation Policy
Objectives
To upgrade local research & development local technology
To intensify industrial growth through manufacturing
Programme
Industrial Master Plan
Increase the level of R&D
Develop manpower
Develop selected heavy industries
Increase opportunities for technical training and skills