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First Five year Plan 1929-33 (Collectivisation (Implementation (Began in…
First Five year Plan 1929-33
Collectivisation
De-kulakisation
'eliminate them as a class'
Politburo january 1930
context of Shakhty trials 1928, 'bourgeois specialists'
By July 1930, 320 000 households victim to dekulakisation
Linked with anti-religious campaign
1.8 million deported to other areas of USSR
21 000 were shot
390 000 sent to GULAG
Implementation
Began in December 1929, coinciding with promotion of cult of personality
Extension of 'Urals-Siberian method' (class motivated requisitioning) of 1928
Heavily promoted by '25000-ers' but initially voluntary
Kolkhoz was a corporation renting from the state
Sovkhoz was owned by the state and the state employed workers directly
Mostly complete by 1933, 250 000 collective farms
Machine-tractor stations (on average one for every 30 collective farms)
1930 'mir' abolished
By 1932, 77.6% of crop area had been collectivised, by 1935 94.1%
Percentage of grain delivered to the state increased from 14.7% in 1928 to 39% in 1940
10% increase in production over decade
Protest
1929, 1300 uprisings
1930, ten times as many as 1929
Peasants slaughtered animals rather than turn them over
'Dizzy with success' speech March 1920
By June 1930 percentage had dropped to 23%, leading to an increased harvest
Famine 1932-3
'neo-NEP': May 1932 'collective farm market' legalised
Ukraine quotas were reduced by 14% in the summer of 1932
5-7 million deaths of starvation
Very poor harvest 1932, but quotas were enforced
Industry
Projects
Dneiper hydroelectric power stations
Oilfields in Azerbaijan and Georgia
Mines and metallurgy centres e.g. Sverdlovsk
Stalingrad tractor factory
Foreign expertise (esp. American & German) coming from Great Depression
Magnitogorsk
Plan
'Initial,' 'optimal' and 'amended' variants
Actual production of coal, iron ore and pig iron all fell short of initial targets in 1932
Late 1929 the Politburo decided to do 'Five Year Plan in four'
One-man management was comprehensively re-established
'shock construction' brigades and 'socialist emulation'
Stakhanovite movement
Massive urban immigration: average town 50 000 per week
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Background
War Scare 1927
Rapid industrialisation of Trotsky and Preobrazhenski
Gosplan and Supreme Council proposed plans to 15th Party Congress December 1927
Teleologists vs. geneticists