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Organ Donations (eligibility and quality of life (must undergo specific…
Organ Donations
eligibility and quality of life
must undergo specific tests
ensure there are no problems
could be factors that make transplant too risky
must have the ability to follow prescribed treatments
abstain from certain damaging substances
transplant candidates are ranked by severity of illness
placed on computerized waiting list
waiting time can vary from hours-years
transplant success rates are 80-95%
anatomy and immunology
immunology of transplant rejection discovered
during the second world war
only successful transplants between twins in 1950s
Drug, 6-mecraptopurine (6-MP)
allowed first kidney transplants with non-twins
many bad side effects
1980s new drug was introduced
cyclosporine advanced organ donation worldwide
success rate increased by about 50%
effective in preventing regection
tacrolimus discovered in 1990s
both supress immune system to accept new organ
donor and recipient must have compatible blood types
donation process
recovered organs must be healthy
no strict age limitations
only 5% of deaths each year are suitable
given option to donate dead relatives organs
not eligible if tattoo or piercing was received in past year
legal matters
must be 16 or older to decide on living donations
give written consent
transplant cant occur if mother consents but father objects
trillium gift of life network act
procedure for declaring death in cadaveric donation situations
death must be determined by 2 physicians
transplantation process
liver transplants
liver performs many functions throughout the body
considered when all other treatment failed
split-liver transplantion
taken from someone who has died
divided for 2 patients to receive
abstain from alcohol and drugs
heart transplants
heart cant sustain life
heart disease has improved in the last decade
many patients can be treated with meds instead of transpant
80% of transplant recipients return to regular lifestyle
kidney transplants
machines that provide most kidney functions
dialysis
kidney must have excellent health
success rate of 85-90%
tissue and other transplants
lung transplantation
heart-lung transplant
small bowel transplants
liver and bowel transplantation
ethics
transplants preserve life and improve quality of life
bioethics
autonomy
non-maleficence
beneficence
justice
opt-in systen
must have consent to take organs
respects individuals freedom
innovation
artificial devices
attempt in liver transplants
stabilize patients with bridging devices
can perform some functions of the liver for short time
left ventricle assist device (LVAD
take over pumping action of failing heart
eventually will be an alternative to heart transplants
Xenotransplantation
could become solution to shortage of organ supply
use animal donors for human transplants
immunological barriers with blood stream
physiology barriers
Stem cells
recent innovation could revolutionize transplants
stem cells could be grown in special conditions
transplanted back into patient
avoid use of anti-rejection drugs entirely
societal matters
total cost of transplant procedure
kidney: $34361
heart: $62302
liver: $86357
$83024
pancreas: $75660
cost per kidney transplant
$20000 + 6000 per year afterwards
around $50000 over 5year period
all 4 branches of Judaism approve of donation
conservative
recontructionist
orthodox
reform