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Critical thinking (group 13) (cognitive skills (interpretation, analysis,…
Critical thinking (group 13)
cognitive skills
interpretation
analysis
evaluation
inference
explanation
self-regulation
dispositions
open-mindedness
critical spirit
flexibility
systematic and analitic propensities
critical thinkers=noble values?? Hell no!?
the Delphi Method -> useful for solving issues over long distances of time and/or space
cognitive approach
System 1
= fast, intuitive, familiar situations
Availability
Affect
Association
Simulation
Similarity
System 2
- slow, reflective, novel situations
Satisficing
Loss Aversion
Anchoring with adjustment
Illusion of Control
Hindsight bias
IDEAS Model
I
DENTIFY the problem and set priorities
E
NUMERATE options and anticipate consequences
D
ETERMINE relevant info and deepen understanding
A
SSESS the situation and make a decision
S
CRUTINIZE the process and self-correct as needed
4 Thinking Methods
to change doubts(=uneasy, dissatisfied,inquiry-driving) into beliefs(=satisfactory, calm, guiding desires)
Method of
Tenacity
Method of
Authority
Method of
A priori
Method of
Science
There are also
tools
and
fallacies
for skeptical thinking
TOOLS
use multiple hypotheses
see the argument from multiple points of view
confirm facts
compare values
there is authority argument, there should only be an expert argument
you should do a chain of argument analysis
hypotheses have to be testable and falsifiable
Occam's razor