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CT4 The Quandry of the Fallacy (A Brief Introduction to Ethics (metaethics…
CT4 The Quandry of the Fallacy
A Brief Introduction to Ethics
metaethics
psychological issues
driving force behind actions
psychological egoism
psychological hedonism
psychological altruism
emotion and reason
which of the two motivates moral reasoning
emotive and prescriptive elements of moral statements
Kant's rational reasons for moral behaviour - categorical imperative
normative ethics
virtues
versus rules
consequences (teleological approach)
ethical egoism
ethical altruism
utilitarianism
rules (deontological theories = duty )
Putzendorf (duty to you, others, god)
right theory (Thomas Jefferson)
life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness
Kant categorical imperative
applied ethics
A note on academic integrity
Cialdini 1994: Persuasion: psychological insights and perspectives
6 principles of Compliance
Reciprocity
reciprocal concessions:
Door-in-the-face
that's not all
Social Validation
number, similarity
list technique, social labeling technique
Commitment/Consistency
four walls technique
foot-in-the-door technique
bait-and-switch-procedure
lowball technique
Friendship/Liking
physical attractiveness
similarity
compliments (must not be true)
cooperation
Scarcity
limited number technique
Authority
-
International Celebrity
Jean-Claude Juncker
European Commission
-
Assignments
3
1
Discuss Passage about vegetarians
2
Identify the fallacy
A
B
C
Red Herring
3
Evaluating arguments
In the next assignments you will be making an argument map for a complex argument, followed by an evaluation of the argument’s cogency using the ARG method as explained above:
3A
traffic came to be left-handed
horses stood on the left side of the road,
when being mounted
mounting was done from the left side of the horse
sheath was worn on left side of body
the swords was handled with the right hand
shields were handled with the left hand
3 more items...
you handle a sword and a shield in battle
people don't handle a sword and a shield with the same hand
drawing a swords with the right hand is easier when the sheath is on the left side of the body
mounting, when wearing a sheath on the left side of the body is easier when you're mounting from the left side of the horse
mounting from the left side of the horse without obstructing traffic is possible when the horse is standing on the left side of the road
people don't want to obstruct traffic when they mount a horse
3C
an element of discipline and authority must exist
discipline and authority ensure that freedom will be a matter of degree
one who advocates freedom in education cannot mean the children should do exactly as they please all day
anybody who advocates freedom in education would not argue for something that is clearly harmful
freedom in education must be a matter of degree
the same reasoning that would lead us to conclude that freedom in other things ought to be a matter of degree applies to education, too
freedoms in other things must be a matter of degree
if some actions that belong to a group of things cannot be tolerated, that group in general must be regulated
some freedoms in other things cannot be tolerated
if children will not be limited in their freedoms, they will do harmful things to themselves,
such as swallowing a pin
drink poison from a medicine bottle
fall out of an upper window
we don't want body to go unwashed, overeat, smoke till they are sick, or catch chills
boys will go unwashed, overeat,
smoke till they are sick, catch chills from sitting in wet feet
if children will not be limited in their freedoms,
they will plague elderly gentlemen for fun
we don't want harm for our children
we don't want elderly gentlemen to be plagued
evaluating arguments
ARG method