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ENERGY :explode: (8-2) (Nature (Maya (hydroelectricity (Dams, Principal,…

- - - - Pine Needles
        
        Power plants are converting pine needles into energy in Uttarakhand(India).
        
        Avani Bio Energy
        
        Avani Bio Energy is using their 120kW power plants to convert pine needles into electricity. Collecting the pine needles also provides jobs for those who need them. Instead of kerosene, households are using pine charcoal for cooking. Pine needles help spread forest fires, so using them for electricity also decreases the risk of forest fires in Uttarakhand.
      - Solar Bottle
        
        These plastic bottles are fit through reflective sheets and then put through holes in a roof. The light from the sun gets into the bottle and lights up inside the house. Because these "lightbulbs" use energy directly from the sun, they can only be used during the day
        
        1 litre plastic bottles can be used for lighting during the daytime
        
        Link
      - Coffee Grounds
        
        Students have worked on a project trying to reprocess coffee grounds into biodiesel
        
        How Stuff Works
        
        Engineering professor Mano Misra noticed the sheen of some oil floating on top of his cooled down cup of coffee. He asked some students if they could investigate and find out if coffee oil could be used to create biodiesel. The students concluded, that depending on what kind of bean is being used, grounds can contain up to 20% oil. The students then developed a method to remove the sulfur found in coffee biodiesel. The result was fuel that met the standards for ASTM International (an international organisation that tests for biodiesel)
      - Renewable Energy: Pros and Cons
        
        Pros
        
        Considered to be infinite
        
        Reliable
        
        Stable Price
        
        Environmentally Friendly
        
        Cons:
        
        Expensive
        
        Can't produce large amounts at a time
        
        Not available everywhere
        
        Vulnerable to weather and climate change
        
        Conserve Energy Future
        
        Energy Informative
        
        SEAI
  - - - thermodynamics is the scientific branch of studying heat and temperature and its relationship with energy.Everything in thermodynamics is based on the four laws of thermodynamics which take years of study to understand
        
        https://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/thermodynamics/laws-of-thermodynamics/v/more-on-internal-energy
        
        Heat can be used to power turbines that rotate magnets which make magnetic field changes relative to a coil of wire .This causes electrons to move through the wire flow. This can be done with fossil fuels being burnt or from natural heat like bio-fuels or geothermal heat.
    - - Wind turbines are a simple gear and cog system.The winds force blades in the shape of a propeller around a rotor which is connected to a shaft. This spins a generator which produces electricity.
        https://energy.gov/eere/wind/how-do-wind-turbines-work
        
        "Dutch electricity company Eneco won a tender offered by NS two years ago and the two companies signed a 10-year deal setting January 2018 as the date by which all NS trains should run on wind" This new partnership shows that green electricity and business can go hand in hand.Yet it remains to be seen if it will come off as a succsess.
        energy.https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/10/dutch-trains-100-percent-wind-powered-ns
    - - Almost half of Morocco is uninhabitable as they have borders on the western Sahara and so there are extensive amounts of desert.They are relatively wealthy north African country and so they have the means and the opportunity to become green and renewable.The farm which is set to be the biggest in the word will provide electricity for 1 million people.
        
        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xKxrkht7CpY
        
        https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/feb/04/morocco-to-switch-on-first-phase-of-worlds-largest-solar-plant
    - - Dams
      - Principal
      - Seas
  - - - Evidence
        
        Bad Effect: The Oil and Coal mining is taking out quite a lot of forest land which creates a lot of pollution which is not good for the air. Deforestation also cause climate change and climate imbalance, trees release something called water vapor air which helps with the growth off plants because the water vapor makes the soil moist which helps the plants grow. Also forest fires cause many trees to be destroyed and burnt down. Information Link
        
        Basically the bad effects are quite a big danger to the environment and the earth. We have to stay careful on how many trees we cut down as we still need trees to create a life cycle for everything else as it provides oxygen and makes plants grow.
        
        Good Effect: The trees also are for paper, matchsticks, furniture E.T.C, plus the wood is also used for fuel to have another way to create energy.
        
        The good effect is ok for us, as it provides us things we do need in our daily lives and is a material for many designers out there to create something to put into our homes or for the factories to create pieces of paper to use for school.
  - - - Energy can be extracted from day to day activities
      - http://www.cbsnews.com/news/soccer-field-power-players-kinetic-energy-brazil-electricity/
      - In this article they announce the usage of energy tiles that collect kinetic energy from the kids that use the football pitch to play. This idea is innovative since it uses something that kids play for fun to make something that everyone would use. This idea should be developed further so that most of the things we do in a day will help us make energy.
    - - In this video they discuss an idea of producing electricity that has no pollution in the outcome. The way of doing this is by drilling to the core of the Earth and then using graphene to transport it to the generators of electricity.
      - https://youtu.be/jD-_ACt7Q1U
      - Energy can be extracted directly from earth's core
- - - - Hydrogen fuel cells
        
        These fuel cells are a fossil fuel alternative. It only uses hydrogen and oxygen which gives us the opportunity to make pollution free energy.
      - http://www.livescience.com/11324-power-future-10-ways-run-21st-century.html
      - Graphene
        
        Using cables made from graphene, a form of pure carbon 100 times stronger than steel to conduct heat from beneath the surface of the earth, where its very hot, to earth to run turbines and generate clean energy to power the world without burning anything.
      - Muscle power
        
        Some gyms like some in Hong Kong have machines which look ordinary on the outside but on the inside, there are generators which create energy through people's body movement.
      - http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/five-forms-alternative-energy1.htm
  - - - Cheaper energy means that plants can be made in LEDCs, helping the people. If the energy being produced is clean and cheap, the people in the country don't have to worry about the price or pollution. Money lack is a rather large reason why developing countries and its people can't get electricity. With making it cheaper developing countries can distribute electricity to other countries without having to use more money.
    - - New Methods of Energy making like steam and coal have already inspired people to make cleaner versions of steam energy, for example Nuclear, Using Uranium instead of coal to make steam, lasting longer and cleaner but more dangerous.
        
        http://homeguides.sfgate.com/one-better-environment-coal-nuclear-78760.html
      - People from the younger generation will study modern/future energy. With the new methods of energy coming about. Most of the modern energy methods are created by older people but with the younger generation, surely some people will be inspired to make new methods of generating electricity.
        
        http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/phy03.sci.phys.energy.lp_energypr/energy-production/
      - Equal Energy Distribution
        
        Hopes of future methods will allow energy to be distributed to more places equally without having to use brownouts. If energy can be distributed easily from little use of resources, that will allow energy to be distributed to more areas without increasing the resources/money usded
        
        http://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/october-2006/solar-power-cheap-energy-source-africa
        
        http://www.bcse.org/files/Increasing_Energy_Access.pdf
      - Jobs
        
        Jobs like Analysers, inventors, Monitors and CEOs of plants are opened up with the more methods energy production. New methods of energy production have come around but there are jobs to go with it. For example, at a nuclear power plant,
        
        Jobs of teachers and trainers are opened up as well. There are the jobs of monitors and Analysers, but the people who teach and train the workers are crucial as well. Sure to be reasonably paid, jobs for trainers are opened up with the more and more jobs themselves being opened up. Thanks to future energy.
        
        http://glenn.osu.edu/career/guides-resources/career-guides/Career%20Opportunities%20in%20Energy.pdf
    - - Fusion: Merging Atoms together.
      - Fission: Atom splits into
  - - - Antimatter can be used to create electricity
      - This article talks about how antimatter can be used for electricity
      - When antimatter destroys itself, it gives out massive amount of energy. But there are numerous problems. It is difficult to contain and difficult to produce
    - - Elon Musk invented a roof tile that creates solar energy
      - Elon Musk announces the roof tile
      - These roof tiles are suppose to make more electricity than regular solar panels
    - - Footsteps can be used to generate electricity
      - Putting these tiles on the AstroTurf will help generate more electricity since people run a lot on the AstroTurf.
      - These tiles turn footsteps into electricity
  - - - If we keep postponing our jobs we cant complete it right on time and we will do it like 1 day before the deadline
    - - Such as in Manila, Philippines they reused water bottles to be a lightbulb for their house that dont have electricity
      - Save energy by turning off electricity, turning off water while we still can use them
      - Bottleman
- - - - photovoltaic modules constitute the photovoltaic array of a photovoltaic system that generates and supplies solar electricity in commercial applications
      - creates more energy from sunlight
    - - Helping to reduce the nation’s dependence on foreign oil
      - storing hydrogen could be used in combination with energy transformation methods
  - - - Human power can used
        
        Football
        
        http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/energy/11290314/This-is-the-next-generation-of-renewable-energy-technologies.html
        
        Kinetic energy form the movement on the pitch can be turned into electricity by hidden energy-capturing tiles
        
        high-tech football pitches could be used so that when someone runs on it, it creates electricity.
        
        Gyms
        
        Several gyms around the world are using human power and converting into electricity. The manger says that an average person can generate unto 50 watts. The pedal-a-watt bike however can generate up to 500 watts.
        
        The machines in the gym have generators in them which use movement to generate electricity. The bike also runs on the same principle but it creates electricity with the movement of the bike's rear wheel
        
        Machines in the gym can use human energy to make electricity
        
        http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/five-forms-alternative-energy1.htm
      - Way to generate solar energy efficiently
        
        http://www.alternative-energy-news.info/tulip-solar-ethiopia/
        
        A tupil shaped lens receives concentrated energy from the sun so the solar planes will get more energy from the Sun.
        
        Tulip shaped solar plants could be installed in deserts
      - Phones can create electricity
        
        We can use the finger taps on everyone's phone to create electricity
        
        The way it woks is each time you pressed a button, the hard metal would directly hit the underlying piezoelectric crystal like a hammer, creating a small amount of voltage
        
        http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/five-forms-alternative-energy2.htm
  - - - Windmills
        
        The wind turns the propellor which turns the blades which produces the energy.
        
        [http://goldpower.net/news/how-does-a-wind-turbine-generate-electricity/]
      - Nuclear
        
        nuclear medicine
        
        A small branch of imaging in which you use small amounts of radioactive material to determine and diagnose a patient.
        
        endoradiology
        
        Bone Scan.
        
        PET Scan
        
        Gallium Scan
        
        MIBG Scan
        
        MRI Scan
        
        nuclear reactors
        
        Nuclear reactors are used in nuclear power plants for making electricity and to initiate and control
        
        smoke detectors
        
        nuclear weapons
        
        nuclear weapon is an explosive device that gets its lethal force from nuclear reactions.
        
        gun sights
        
        atom bombs
        
        hydrogen bombs
        
        fission bomb
        
        http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/nuclear-weapons/basics/weapons-basics.htm
        
        http://curesearch.org/Nuclear-Medicine-Scans
      - Solar power
        
        renewable energy from the sunlight
      - http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/index.html
      - We are already trying to find a sustainable renewable energy that is good for the enviroment.
        We have already made some improvements and solutions to using too much fossil fuels which damage the earth. Fossil fuels are also not sustainable and will run out. Solar power which is produced by sun rays hitting the solar panels which turns the sun rays to energy that can be used. Other solutions like wind power use natural elements like wind to create renewable energy. The problem with solar energy is that the panels that produce the energy cost so much that not all families can afford them for their household.
  - - - Using the gas from cow poo to make energy
        
        Cow dung contains methane gas which isn't good for the environment, but if we use it for gas it would be better for the environment. Cows poo a lot every day so using their poo for energy is good for the environment and also easy to create. Methane gas is usually bad for the environment, but by collecting the cow dung and changing it all into energy, we will be able to make a lot more energy that is also eco-friendly as the methane gas in cow poo is bad for the environment and is actually making climate change worse.
        
        http://denmark.dk/en/green-living/sustainable-projects/cow-dung-a-source-of-green-energy/
      - Fuel cells
        
        Fuel cells turn energy into electricity
      - Solar Panels in space
        
        Going up into space to collect solar power there
      - Tidal wave energy
- - - - Fossil fuels is used a lot too make energy but it's soon to be all gone. Fossil fuels could be gone in the next 50 years and would leave a lot of countries helpless.
        
        https://www.ecotricity.co.uk/our-green-energy/energy-independence/the-end-of-fossil-fuels
      - Energy that requires finite resources is could be a problem because when the resource runs outs it would be a problem. It could mean they wont't have energy
        
        Some finite resources that are used are fossil fuels, nuclear fuels, and ores
        
        https://futurism.com/energy-finite/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_resource
      - Oil spills
        
        http://www.ibtimes.com/how-much-oil-spilled-gulf-mexico-louisiana-coast-animals-danger-after-fire-burns-2470269 http://environment.about.com/od/petroleum/a/oil_spills_and_environment.htm
        
        Losing Oil could me very valuable since oil is a much needed item and their isn't an infinite source of it. Also it pollutes the ocean which affects businesses like the fisherman.
        
        Oil in the ocean would be killing a lot of animals like fishes, birds, dolphins, seals, and whales. This would affect people who hunt or use these animals for their jobs and if the person doesn't have an alternative jobs, they would be left jobless.
      - Power shortages
        
        http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/north-africa/2017/01/15/Libya-goes-dark-as-electricity-struggles-continue.html
        
        The demands of energy would be too much too produce
        
        It will force either brownouts or blackouts trough out the city
      - System Failure
        
        Poor distributions of energy (pipes exploding)
  - - - https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/12/which-countries-are-most-vulnerable-to-climate-change/
      - Temperature levels are going up around the world from various reasons. Fossil fuels releases a big amount of pollution which affects temperature levels
        
        With temperature change can come more problems interfering with the different renewable energy ways we have. If global warming continues we will have a very less likely chance for a future filled with sustainable energy.
    - - Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill
        
        http://ocean.si.edu/gulf-oil-spill
        
        The 2010 oil spill near Mexico was recorded as one of the worst oil spills in history, this disaster has affected a big amount of the marine life around the gulf and the coast. Many of the underwater animals died.
      - Fukushima Nuclear Disaster
        
        http://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/safety-and-security/safety-of-plants/fukushima-accident.aspx
        
        The tsunami disabled the cooling of the reactors and lead to the power to be disabled. After the nuclear explosion there were mutated life around the area. Examples of the mutations are of their crops and insects(butterflies)
    - - Solar panels are one of the ways to make renewable energy but it is very expensive and you would need millions of panels to power the city
      - http://www.alternet.org/story/48089/global_warming%3A_it's_about_energy
      - Even though renewable energy is good for the planet it is very expensive and does not pay off in the end sometimes. A lot of LEDC's cannot afford to get renewable energy for their country because of it's costs. They would be sacrificing a big amount of money and time for this to take place
  - - - Deforestation for oil causes climate change and loss of animal habitat.
      - http://www.businessinsider.sg/17-emerging-energy-technologies-2014-4/?r=US&IR=T#qUDHFkeLFfvPA7Gb.97
      - In the website they explain the effects of deforestation. Some of these effects are climate change, loss of a certain species. This means that whenever we cut down trees so we have land to drill oil from we cause these problems that might not seem so serious for a short term issue but the long term effects are devastating.
    - - Coal Power plants leave a huge carbon footprint and causes a lot of pollution.
      - Coal is the most used energy source in the U.S.
      - This site explains some facts about coal energy and how it affects the world. A chemical reaction between and sulphuric rocks create acidic run - off. The run - off pollutes creeks and rivers. It is also difficult to contain
    - - This is a list of finite resources we use to make energy
      - We use a lot of finite resources to make energy
      - Resources like coal, fossil fuels and oil are all finite resources and about to run out. A lot of pollution is caused just by trying to obtain these resources.
  - - - Oil spills can occur anywhere, whether oil is being shipped across bodies of water, or driven on land. The most common location of spilt oil is in a body of water where many things can go wrong. Tankers can collide or run ashore, pipelines can break, or there can be a problem transferring oil from one ship to another.
      - http://istf.ucf.edu/ISTFSites/98/98325/web13.htm
    - - http://billionsinchange.com/solutions/limitless-energy/
      - Burning fossil fuels and creating nuclear reactions to generate electricity come at high costs – politically, environmentally, and to human health.
    - - http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-effects-solutions-of-air-pollution.php
      - It occurs when any harmful gases, dust, smoke enters into the atmosphere and makes it difficult for plants, animals and humans to survive as the air becomes dirty.