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High Middle Ages and Feudalism (Feudal system (Origins (Division of the…
High Middle Ages and Feudalism
Political situation
Muslim world
Caliphate divided
Turks important
Sultanates
New caliphates
10th- 13th: attacks Christians
13th: invaded by Mongols
Christian world
Byzantine Empire
attacks from the Turks
Carolingian Empire
Holy Roman Empire in 962
Expansion christian kingdoms
Zaragoza in 1118 conquered
1139 Portugal became independent
Almohads
The rest of the world
Africa
Trade was very important
Asia
Mongols in Central Asia
Chinese Empire, India and Indochine
America
South America: Inca
Central America: Toltec and Mayan
Feudal system
Feudalism
Political, social and economy system
Feudal Monarchy
The court
Royal officials
Chancery
Host
Origins
Division of the Carolingian Empire
Monarch no resources
Monarch divided the lands
Nobles established rules in their own lands
Feudal system
Fiefdom
Serfs
Power of the nobility
Deny military aid
Feudal wars
Insecurity
Vassalage relationships
Vassal
Commendation ceremony
Characteristics of the fiefdom
Castle
Demesne
Village
Places of comunal use
Life in a fiefdom
Privileged people
They were very rich people
Unprivileged people
They were very poor people
Feudal system
Economy
Agriculture
Livestock
Products obtain from animals
Subsistence economy
Agriculture techniques
Three year crop rotation
Irrigation techniques
Muldboard plough
Manure
Society
Nobility
Higher
Dukes
Marquisis
Counts
Lower
Knights
Clergy
Upper
Bishops
Abbots
Lower
Priests
Monks
Peasants
Serfs
Free peasants
The Church
Pope was the leader
Secular clergy
bishops and priests
Regular clergy
abbots, monks and nuns
Military order
Religious order
Political power of the Church
Very close to the monarch
Power to excommunicate
Economic power of the Church
Tithe
Culture and the Church
Responsible of spreading culture
Responsible for education
Fear of hell
Fear of the end of the world
Hope for the mediation of Saints and the Virgin Mary
Romanesque
Rural
Nobility and the Church
Religious buildings
Thick walls
Lack of windows
Architecture
Thick stone walls
buttresses
columns and pillars
Features from Roman art
Floor plain: Latin cross
Feçades
Painting and sculpture
Decorative and educational purpose
Symbolic character of images
Schematic style
Sculpture
Stone
Wood
Paintings
Walls
Miniatures