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PSA Announcement (Socioeconomic Factors (Monthly average crude oil price…
PSA Announcement
Socioeconomic Factors
Monthly average crude oil price (right axis) and global oil supply (left axis). Source: US Energy Information Administration. For oil definitions see figure 2 and box 1. Oil supply has been slow to respond to the doubling of crude oil prices since mid-2005.
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The impact of Sea Lion on the Falklands GDP and on FIG revenues will be very substantial and of a far more transformational nature than the onshore impact of the development and production of oil.
Oil extraction has contaminated what were previously some of the most biodiverse areas in the Amazon Basin and has been used as an excuse to push Indigenous communities off of their ancestral lands, made thousands gravely ill and contributed social unrest increased violence throughout the Amazon Basin.
This is partly because of political conflicts in key regions (e.g. Iraq) and the strategies of key exporters (e.g. Saudi Arabia), but largely reflects the growing lead times on new projects (5–10 years) and the increasing difficulty and cost (up 50% since 2005) of finding and developing new resources. (Online version in colour.)
The money at stake for both oil companies and governments is so vast that human rights and environmental destruction are merely regrettable necessities en route to enormous profits. Yet the indigenous peoples residing on these oil rich lands rarely reap the benefits
Potentially, the impact of additional future discretionary spending by FIG as result of higher oil revenues could have at least the same order of magnitude of impact onshore as the direct onshore effects from the oil and gas sector.
Solutions
Challenging the federal government’s approval of Shell’s woefully inadequate oil spill response plans. The challenge focuses on Shell’s spill plans for the Beaufort and Chukchi seas, but ultimately addresses requirements that apply nationwide.
Fighting for enforceable regulations that govern the use of chemical oil dispersants—widely and recklessly used after the BP oil spill in the Gulf. Shell’s Arctic oil spill response plans include the use of chemical dispersants.
DONATION WEBSITES
- Oceana
- Greenpeace
- Center for Biological Diversity
- Earthjustice
Challenging specific lease sales in the Chukchi Sea. In February 2008, despite huge gaps in basic scientific information about the region, a lack of an adequate spill cleanup plan, and warnings from government scientists, the Bush Interior Department offered 30 million acres of this sensitive Arctic ecosystem for oil and gas leasing, an important first step in committing an area to oil and gas development.
Fighting for enforceable regulations that govern the use of chemical oil dispersants—widely and recklessly used after the BP oil spill in the Gulf. Shell’s Arctic oil spill response plans include the use of chemical dispersants.
Fighting for enforceable regulations that govern the use of chemical oil dispersants—widely and recklessly used after the BP oil spill in the Gulf. Shell’s Arctic oil spill response plans include the use of chemical dispersants.
Why it's Important
Drilling causes deforestation as trees are felled to make roads, allow for oil rigs and make room for camps. Increased oil extraction brings more cO2 into our atmosphere increasing climate change which in turn makes the rainforests more vulnerable to drought and wildfires.
Offshore oil spills, such as the explosion of BP’s Deepwater Horizon unit in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010, affect marine mammals through direct contact, inhalation and ingestion of toxic oil.
Oil extraction invariably adds toxic chemicals into the rainforest, this is even more common in remote areas where there is frequently is little oversight by the State. Over 20 billion gallons of toxic drilling sludge and 17 million gallons of oil have spilled into Ecuador’s Eastern Amazon region and its waterways.
Heavy metals like lead contaminate waterways and the air putting Indigenous communities at risk. Skin rashes, chronic headaches, fainting spells, vomiting, chronic diarrhea, headaches are common for those living near oil extraction sites.
Long term effects of exposure to the toxins released during oil extraction include lung disease, liver and kidney damage, birth defects, brain damage, and miscarriages.
Certain inhaled and ingested chemicals in oil may damage animals’ organs such as the liver, kidney, spleen or brain cause cancer and lead to reproductive failure. Further injured or disturb animals due to response activities and long-term ecological changes
Science Facts/Knowledge
Fossil Fuels Today: Oil, By the Barrel
(percent of barrel)[ii]:
45.3% gasoline for use in automobiles
29.8% heating oil and diesel fuels
19.4% other products, including those derived from petroleum for the manufacturing of chemicals, synthetic rubber, and plastics.
9.7% jet fuel
2.1% asphalt
Development of oil and gas complexes:
Strip the environment of vegetation
Increase erosion (which could lead to landslides and flooding) and the opportunity for weed infestation
Disturb the land’s ground surface
Seriously fragment once unspoiled wildlife habitats
The impacts caused to public lands by construction of oil and gas sites are often irreversible.
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Methane, the main component in natural gas, is up to 84 times more harmful to the atmosphere than carbon dioxide, trapping heat more effectively and intensifying global warming.
Toxic Wastewater Produced in 2012 (billion gallons) 280
Water Used since 2005 (billion gallons) 250
Chemicals Used since 2005 (billion gallons) 2
Air Pollution in One Year (tons) 450,000
Global Warming Pollution since 2005 (million metric tons CO2-equivalent) 100
Land Directly Damaged since 2005 (acres) 360,000
Emissions from drilling, including fracking, and leaks from transmission pipes totaled 225 million metric tons of carbon-dioxide equivalents during 2011, second only to power plants, which emitted about 10 times that amount.
Oil extraction has contaminated what were previously some of the most biodiverse areas in the Amazon Basin and has been used as an excuse to push Indigenous communities off of their ancestral lands, made thousands gravely ill and contributed social unrest increased violence throughout the Amazon Basin.
Over 20 billion gallons of toxic drilling sludge and 17 million gallons of oil have spilled into Ecuador’s Eastern Amazon region and its waterways.
In 2008 alone, the United States produced an estimated 4.9 million barrels of crude oil per day and imported 9.8 million barrels per day from other countries.
In 1985 the world's forests were 74% forest 26% destroyed land from oil, in 2010 it was 44% compared to 66% oil drilling used.
What is even more worrisome is that 21 percent of all U.S. greenhouse gas emissions, including methane, can be traced to oil, gas and coal extracted from federal lands, according to a December 2014 study by The Wilderness Society.
The tanker Exxon Valdez spilled almost 11 million gallons of oil into Alaska's Prince William Sound on March 24, 1989, injuring 28 types of animals, plants, and marine habitats
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