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American Revolution (History) (George Washington (Born in Virginia 1732,…
American Revolution (History)
American colonists unhappiness during 1770's
time of enlightenment
educated men and women questioned traditional ideas
divine right of kings thought to be outdated
divine right of kings meant that god chose Kings as representatives for himself
1756 war broke out between France and England
they fought all over the globe
French and Indians attacked American colonies
British and Americans fought together
Britain won and gained control of Canada
brought war to America
immigration from foreign countries (Germany and Holland)
by 1760's colonist referred to themselves as American not British
turmoil
Westminster's rule was foreign
no representation in Westminster for colonies
no say in decisions affecting everyday life
Thomas Jefferson, John Adams and Ben Franklin realised America rule fair if no Britain
Navigation Act
forced Americans to buy sugar from British in west Indies not open market
had to sell tobacco at whatever low price to British
these were trade restrictions
New taxes
The Quartering Act
forced to pay money to keep army to protect colonies
The Stamp Act
Tax on legal documents
led to rise of slogan 'No Taxation Without Representation'
4th July America celebrates independence day
day America declared independence from England
Original 13 Colonies
1st British colony, North America Virginia
est. 1606 in Jamestown, difficult start but became popular and succesful
British rule extended in the east over 150 yrs after 1606
William Penn, Quaker est. Pennsylvania 1677
Dutch defeated, British 1664, New Amsterdam = New York
Georgia and Maryland after King and Queen
1760 population 2.5 m, Immigration from Germany / Germany, wealth from cotton and tobacco
economic wealth from importation, Africans forced to work in Virginia, Georgia and South Carolina
British Rule
constitutional monarchy = King advised by Westminster Parliament
King George III ruled in 1760
appointed Governors for each state
Governors advised by assembly of elect
W.A.S.P =White / Anglo / Saxon / Protestant
colonists unhappy
Revolution Approaches
frustration continues in 1770's
The Townshends Acts of 1767 added to this frustration
taxation on tea and glass
loyal colonists getting annoyed
Boston Massacre
Boston 1770, 5 colonists died after British shot them during a protest against Townshend
Britain faced with opposition withdrew Townshend except tea tax
Boston Tea Party
1773 16th December
colonists dress as Indians and dump 340 crates of tea
results in Intolerable Acts
closed port of Boston
new laws
War
drift towards open warfare begun in 1774 - 13 colony representatives met in Philadelphia
First Continental Congress
form militas
condemned Intolerable Acts
First fighting in 1775 near Boston
British Governor General Gage fought to seize militia weapons at COncord
attacked a Lexington but pushed to Concord
forced to retreat at Concord
300 redcoat deaths
Patrick Henry rep for Virginia at second Continental Congress urged fellow Virginians to take up arms
Gathered militias to fight redcoats
Second Continental Congress - May 1775 in Philadelphia, George Washington head of army
Henry used dramatic language but views captured colonists, to remain colony ruled by England = slavery
George Washington
Born in Virginia 1732, aged 11 father dies lives with brother Lawrence
trained to be surveyor, mapped Ohio River and Shenandoah Valley
brother died when Washington was 20, inherited Mount Vernon plantation = five separate farms and over 8000 acres
1756 war, France connect Louisiana + Canada, Washington fought British army, French and Indian War
nearly died in war,
1759, married Martha Dandridge, large land, became very important
member of Virginia Assembly, first and second Continental Congress,
believed that colonists unfairly taxed, patriot and agreed with Ben Franklin, Thomas Jefferson and John Adams, break from British and form American Republic
Commander-inChief of hte Continental army
Declaring and Winning Independance
1775 colonies ready for war, not many wanted all out war, liked Britain, Thomas Paine
wrote Common Sense against King and Country fueled rebellion
Third Continental Congress met in 1776, 4 July declared Independance
Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson
13 colonies had a lot of land, used guerrilla fighting, won at Boston 1776 lost in New York later that year
1777 British captured Philidelphia, cancelled by win at Saratoga by Horatio Gates and Washington, morale boost, won in full scale battle
tired of war, replacing Washington with Gates
Valley Forge 1777-1778
armies didn't fight in winter because of conditions
winter of these year Washington, army, Valley Forge Pennsylvania
this was turning point of war
faced with disease and desertion, Washington trained to be better than British
Aided by Prussian officer Frederick Von Steuben
after winter at valley forge they could match British
Victory
Benjamin Franklin, United State's ambassador in Paris, two years persuasion for help
Marquis de Lafayette helped, French government reluctant following costly war with British
agreed after news of win at Saratoga
sent 6,000 men but helped most in the navy
cut of British supply ships
Americans beat Cornwallis, Battle of Yorktown Virginia 19th Oct 1781
Britain recognised independence after signing Treaty of Paris in 1783
Eight year struggle = independence
Impact
democracy was wanted by French because of Louis XVI and wanted out after bankruptcy
United Irishmen formed by Theobald Wolfe Tone and Lord Edward Fitzgerald
The Bill of Rights helped spread democracy around the world
Washington became a great president followed by many great other presidents
Expanded westwards, becoming 50 states bought and won territory Louisiana from France, Alaska from Russa and Texas form Mexico