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The High Middle Ages and Feudalism (The feudal system (THE ORIGINS OF…
The High Middle Ages and
Feudalism
Political Situation (11th -13th)
MUSLIM WORLD
internal fighting
Turks, the most important group
governed by a
sultan
created independent states
New caliphates
Fatimid Caliphate (Egypt)
Almoravid Caliphate (North Africa)
10th-13th: attacks from Christians
13th: invaded by the Mongols
CHRISTIAN WORLD
Byzantine Empire
attacks from the turks
Carolingian Empire
Holy Roman Empire (962)
Christian Kingdoms
expansion
Zaragoza conquered in 1118
Portugal became independent in 1139
Amohads → Al-Andalus +
North of Africa, capital in Sevilla.
THE REST OF THE WORLD
Africa
trade
new kingoms
converted to Islam
incorporated into the Muslim trade routes
Asia
Mongols
invaded
China (13th)
Muslim
Caliphate (13th)
Eastern Europe (13th)
America
Central America
Toltec
Mayan
South America
Inca
The feudal system
political
social
economic system
established in the Christian kingdoms
during the High Middle
Ages
THE FEUDAL MONARCHY
court
nobles who advised them in
governmental matters.
Royal officials
Chancery
writing the the decisions taken by the
monarch
Host
army composed of the private army of the
monarch and the private armies
THE ORIGINS OF FEUDALISM
Division of the Carolingian Empire
Monarchs didn't have resources
monarch divided the lands among the
nobles
Power became hereditary
Absolute power over the inhabitants
Fiefdom
was the
land owned by the feudal lord
Serfs
were the peasants that
lived and worked in the
fiefdom
Power of the nobility
increased
Deny military aid
Armies to extend their
domains → feudal wars
Insecurity → nobility built
castles
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FIEFDOM
Castle
situated up high or next to a river
Demesne
the lord's land. Cultivated by his serfs.
Village
situated near to the castle. Main building was the
church.
Places of comunal use
bridges, mills, forge, furnace
Economy
Agriculture
cereal crops + vegetables + pulses
Livestock
Meat was rarely consumed (privileged) but they
obtained wool and leather from animals
SUBSISTENCE ECONOMY
Agriculture techniques
Three-year crop rotation
Irrigation techniques
Mouldboard plough
Manure (animal excrement) as fertiliser
Society
Nobility
Higher: dukes, marquisis and
counts.
Lower: knights.
Clergy
Upper: bishops and abbots.
Lower: priests and monks.
Peasants
Serfs: attached to the fief.
Free peasants, craftsmen and
traders
The Church
Pope
Secular clergy
bishops
priests
Regular clergy
abbots
monks
nuns
Art: Romanesque (11th-13th)
Rural
Promoted by nobility and the
Church
Religious buildings
thick walls
ARCHITECTURE
PAINTING AND SCULPTURE